是钱太少还是时间太少?自我控制失败后用理由维持正面形象

IF 2.8 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI:10.1002/ejsp.3010
Janina Steinmetz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究表明,人们经常无法做到自我控制。然而,拥有良好的自控力是获得信任和依赖的必要条件。在这项研究中,我测试了哪些常见的、经常出现的自我控制失败的借口(例如,由于缺乏时间和金钱)可以让人们在失败后仍然保持良好的自我控制形象。在六项研究(其中五项是预先登记的)中,我使用了不同类型的自我控制领域,结果表明,如果一个人因为缺乏金钱(而不是时间)而无法完成某项决议,那么参与者会认为这个人具有良好的自我控制能力(研究 1)。这种效应是由借口的可控性所中介(研究 2a)和操纵(研究 2b)造成的。当结果相互依存时,这种效应会对参与者对个人的假设行为和真实行为产生下游影响(研究 3 和研究 4)。最后,参与者在交流自己的自我控制失败时缺乏对这些模式的洞察力,他们将失败归因于缺乏时间而不是金钱(研究 5)。
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Too little money or time? Using justifications to maintain a positive image after self-control failure

Research has shown that people frequently fail at exerting self-control. Yet, having good self-control is essential for being trusted and relied on. In this research, I test which common and frequent excuses for self-control failures (i.e., resulting from lack of time vs. money) allow people to maintain an image of good self-control despite failure. In six studies (five pre-registered), using different types of self-control domains, I show that participants perceived someone who failed at a resolution to nevertheless have good self-control if they failed because they lacked money (vs. time) to follow through (Study 1). This effect was due to the mediated (Study 2a) and manipulated (Study 2b) perceived controllability of the excuse. This effect had downstream consequences for participants’ hypothetical and real behaviour toward the individual when their outcomes were interdependent (Studies 3 and 4). Finally, participants lacked insight into these patterns when communicating their own self-control failures, which they attributed to a lack of time over money (Study 5).

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
7.70%
发文量
84
期刊介绍: Topics covered include, among others, intergroup relations, group processes, social cognition, attitudes, social influence and persuasion, self and identity, verbal and nonverbal communication, language and thought, affect and emotion, embodied and situated cognition and individual differences of social-psychological relevance. Together with original research articles, the European Journal of Social Psychology"s innovative and inclusive style is reflected in the variety of articles published: Research Article: Original articles that provide a significant contribution to the understanding of social phenomena, up to a maximum of 12,000 words in length.
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