学龄前儿童对分配行为后的内在正义的回顾性和前瞻性判断。

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL British Journal of Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI:10.1111/bjdp.12472
Alessandra Geraci, Uberta Ganucci Cancellieri
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引用次数: 0

摘要

先前的研究为成人对内在正义的回顾性和前瞻性判断提供了证据,但对内在正义判断的发展起源仍然未知。我们采用显性和隐性测量方法,对学龄前儿童的回顾性和前瞻性判断进行了研究。在实验 1 中,首先向 2.5 岁和 4 岁的儿童展示了一个代理人公平或不公平分配资源的事件,然后他们看到了两个分配者都因不幸而受损的测试事件。之后,他们又接受了一项口头任务,必须用明确的测量方法回答两个关于应得性评价的问题。当行为和结果一致时(即分配者不公平--不幸),所有儿童都可能赞成应得的结果,而当行为和结果不一致时(即分配者公平--不幸),只有年龄较大的儿童可能不赞成应得的结果。在实验 2 中,4 岁儿童在看完实验 1 的熟悉事件后,会被提出两个口头问题,通过明确的测量来探究他们对即时公正的前瞻性判断。在实验 3 中,首先让 4 岁儿童观看实验 1 中的熟悉事件,并聆听相应的叙述,然后在结果揭晓之前,对他们进行伸手任务评估,通过内隐测量来探究他们对内在正义的前瞻性判断。孩子们伸手够描绘不公平分配者坏结果的图像,而伸手够描绘公平分配者好结果的图像。后两项实验的结果表明,4 岁儿童具有很好的前瞻性判断能力,并发现他们更容易对良好行为后的积极结果运用即时公正推理。总之,这些结果为学龄前儿童对内在公正的回顾性和前瞻性判断提供了新的证据。
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Preschoolers' retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice following distributive actions

Prior research provided evidence for retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice in adults, but the developmental origins of judgements of immanent justice remain unknown. Both retrospective and prospective judgements were investigated in preschool age, using explicit and implicit measures. In Experiment 1, 2.5- and 4-year-olds were first shown events in which one agent distributed resources fairly or unfairly, and then they saw test events in which both distributors were damaged by a misfortune. Later, they were presented with a verbal task, in which they had to respond to two questions on evaluation of the deservingness, by using explicit measures. All children were likely to approve of deserved outcomes when deeds and outcomes were congruent (i.e., unfair distributor—misfortune), and only older ones were likely to disapprove when they were incongruent (i.e., fair distributor—misfortune). In Experiment 2, 4-year-olds after seeing familiarization events of Experiment 1, were presented with two verbal questions to explore prospective judgements of immanent justice, by using explicit measures. In Experiment 3, 4-year-olds were first shown familiarization events of Experiment 1 and listened to respective narratives, then before the outcome was revealed they were assessed with a reaching task to investigate prospective judgements of immanent justice, by using implicit measures. Children reached the image depicting a bad outcome for the unfair distributor, and that illustrated a good outcome for the fair distributor. The results of the last two experiments demonstrated a fine ability to make prospective judgements at 4 years of life, and found that they were to be more prone to apply immanent justice reasoning to positive outcomes following good actions. Taken together, these results provide new evidence for preschoolers' retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice.

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来源期刊
British Journal of Developmental Psychology
British Journal of Developmental Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: The British Journal of Developmental Psychology publishes full-length, empirical, conceptual, review and discussion papers, as well as brief reports, in all of the following areas: - motor, perceptual, cognitive, social and emotional development in infancy; - social, emotional and personality development in childhood, adolescence and adulthood; - cognitive and socio-cognitive development in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, including the development of language, mathematics, theory of mind, drawings, spatial cognition, biological and societal understanding; - atypical development, including developmental disorders, learning difficulties/disabilities and sensory impairments;
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