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Menstruation experiences and its association with psychological distress among school-going adolescent girls of Nepal: A cross-sectional study. 尼泊尔在校少女的月经经历及其与心理困扰的关系:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12531
Sadikshya Niroula, Shishir Paudel, Anisha Chalise, Sophiya Acharya, Nirmal Raj Marasine

This study aimed to assess the relationship between menstruation-related attributes and mental distress in adolescent girls. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rangeli Municipality, Nepal, among 270 adolescent girls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated at a 5% level of significance to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress. Of 270 adolescent girls, 28.9% (95% CI: 23.5%-35.2%) experienced anxiety, 14.4% (95% CI: 10.0%-18.5%) experienced stress and 32.2% (95% CI: 26.6%-37.4%) experienced depression. Low perceived family support during menstruation (aOR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.03-7.97), low perceived support from friends during menstruation (aOR: 4.09, 95% CI: 1.66-10.07) and experiencing moderate/severe dysmenorrhea (aOR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.105-5.08) were associated with anxiety. Those with moderate/severe dysmenorrhoea had higher odds (aOR: 5.60, 95% CI: 1.56-20.05) of experiencing stress. Low perceived family support (aOR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.08-8.67), low perceived support from friends (aOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.11-6.89) and experiencing moderate to severe dysmenorrhoea (aOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.63-7.79) were associated with depression. The findings underscore the importance of proper management of dysmenorrhoea and need for social support from both family and friends during menstruation as these factors are associated with psychological distress among adolescent girls.

本研究旨在评估月经相关属性与少女精神痛苦之间的关系。这项横断面研究在尼泊尔兰吉利市对 270 名少女进行了调查。研究采用自填式问卷收集数据。在 5%的显著性水平下,计算了未调整和调整后的几率比(aOR),以确定与抑郁、焦虑和压力相关的因素。在 270 名少女中,28.9%(95% CI:23.5%-35.2%)经历过焦虑,14.4%(95% CI:10.0%-18.5%)经历过压力,32.2%(95% CI:26.6%-37.4%)经历过抑郁。月经期间感知到的家庭支持少(aOR:2.87,95% CI:1.03-7.97)、月经期间感知到的朋友支持少(aOR:4.09,95% CI:1.66-10.07)以及中度/重度痛经(aOR:2.31,95% CI:1.105-5.08)与焦虑有关。中度/重度痛经者有较高的压力几率(aOR:5.60,95% CI:1.56-20.05)。低感知家庭支持(aOR:3.07,95% CI:1.08-8.67)、低感知朋友支持(aOR:2.77,95% CI:1.11-6.89)和中度至重度痛经(aOR:3.56,95% CI:1.63-7.79)与抑郁有关。研究结果强调了正确处理痛经以及在月经期间需要家人和朋友的社会支持的重要性,因为这些因素与少女的心理困扰有关。
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引用次数: 0
Emotion understanding among institutionalized preschool children in India: A visual-based approach. 印度机构收容的学龄前儿童对情绪的理解:基于视觉的方法。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12530
Manaswini Mishra, Rooplekha Khuntia

The present study aimed to develop two visual tasks to assess the emotion understanding of institutionalized preschool children in India. To enhance the psychometric qualities of both tasks, content validity and inter-rater reliability assessments, translation-back translation and a rigorous peer review process were undertaken. In addition, the tool's components were mapped with institutionalized children's everyday experiences to help them better relate to the task. The tool development phase was followed by the assessment phase. Eighteen participants (nine males, nine females) aged 3-6 years were purposefully selected from three childcare institutions. The emotion identification task required children to identify the correct emotions from the cartoon characters' facial expressions and gestures, whereas, in the emotion situation task, children were asked to infer others' emotions from a vignette depicted by a picture card. Children's responses were videotaped, analysed and coded for both tasks. The study's key findings revealed that institutionalized children responded more accurately to emotion situation tasks yet struggled to identify sadness, anger and fear emotions compared to happiness. Furthermore, qualitative insights provided a comprehensive understanding and interpretation of the findings.

本研究旨在开发两项视觉任务,以评估印度福利院学龄前儿童的情绪理解能力。为了提高这两项任务的心理测量质量,我们进行了内容效度和评分者间可靠性评估、回译和严格的同行评审过程。此外,还将工具的各个组成部分与福利院儿童的日常经历进行了映射,以帮助他们更好地理解任务。工具开发阶段之后是评估阶段。我们从三家托儿机构有目的地挑选了 18 名 3-6 岁的参与者(9 男 9 女)。情绪识别任务要求儿童从卡通人物的面部表情和手势中识别出正确的情绪,而情绪情景任务则要求儿童从图片卡描述的小故事中推断他人的情绪。在这两项任务中,都对儿童的回答进行了录像、分析和编码。研究的主要结果显示,福利院儿童对情绪情境任务的反应更准确,但与快乐相比,他们在识别悲伤、愤怒和恐惧情绪方面却很吃力。此外,定性的见解为研究结果提供了全面的理解和解释。
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引用次数: 0
Attrition in a large-scale habituation task administered at home. 在家中进行的大规模习惯性任务中的损耗。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12528
Maximilian Seitz, Dave Möwisch, Manja Attig

Infant research often struggles with selective samples, especially when focusing on behavioural measures, such as those drawn from habituation tasks. However, selectivity may threaten the generalizability and interpretation of results, which is why the current study investigates attrition in a habituation task administered in a household setting in 7-month-old infants. We used a large-scale German dataset, focusing on the children's socioeconomic background, and investigated two aspects of attrition, namely, participation and task completion. The findings suggest significant effects of the children's socioeconomic background on attrition: Maternal education, parental occupation, household income and household language (German vs. other) were positively related to participation and task completion. The analyses indicate that multiple barriers may prevent parents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds from letting their children participate. The study concludes with a critical discussion of possible mechanisms of selectivity in behavioural measures as well as the household setting, in which the data were collected.

婴儿研究往往难以选择样本,尤其是在关注行为测量时,例如从习惯化任务中提取的样本。然而,选择性可能会对结果的普遍性和解释造成威胁,这就是本研究调查 7 个月大婴儿在家庭环境中进行习惯化任务时自然减员的原因。我们使用了一个大规模的德国数据集,重点研究了儿童的社会经济背景,并调查了减员的两个方面,即参与度和任务完成度。研究结果表明,儿童的社会经济背景对流失有明显影响:母亲教育程度、父母职业、家庭收入和家庭语言(德语与其他语言)与参与度和任务完成度呈正相关。分析表明,多重障碍可能会阻碍社会经济背景较差的父母让其子女参与。研究最后对行为测量中可能存在的选择性机制以及收集数据的家庭环境进行了批判性讨论。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of valence and relationship on children's verification of gossip. 情绪和关系对儿童核实流言蜚语的影响。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12527
Zhehua Wan, Binjie Wang, Paul L Harris, Yulong Tang

Given that children do not always trust gossip, do they spontaneously check what they are told? We provided 5- (N = 32) and 6-year olds (N = 32) with gossip concerning characters in a cartoon they were watching, and examined whether they verified the gossip by actively re-watching the relevant episodes. Six-year olds were more likely to verify gossip than 5-year olds. When gossip targeted their favourite characters, children were more likely to verify negative when compared with positive gossip. However, when gossip targeted children's disliked characters, they showed no such valence bias. These results indicate that children's verification of gossip increases with age, and they evaluate claims selectively.

既然儿童并不总是相信小道消息,那么他们是否会自发地核实别人告诉他们的消息呢?我们向 5 岁儿童(32 人)和 6 岁儿童(32 人)提供了与他们正在观看的动画片中的人物有关的小道消息,并考察了他们是否通过积极重看相关情节来验证小道消息。与 5 岁儿童相比,6 岁儿童更有可能证实流言。当流言针对他们喜欢的角色时,与正面流言相比,儿童更有可能验证负面流言。然而,当流言针对儿童不喜欢的角色时,他们并没有表现出这种情绪偏差。这些结果表明,随着年龄的增长,儿童对流言蜚语的验证能力也会增强,而且他们会有选择性地评估流言蜚语。
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引用次数: 0
The Joint Media Engagement Scale (JMES): An instrument for measuring shared media use with children aged 1 to 5 years old. 联合媒体参与量表(JMES):用于测量 1 至 5 岁儿童共同使用媒体情况的工具。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12526
Felix-Sebastian Koch, Rachel Barr, Annette Sundqvist

The digital media landscape is rapidly shifting, and some children begin using digital media in infancy. As with book reading, young children need adult guidance to learn from digital media. Joint media engagement (JME) occurs when preschool children and their parents actively use digital media together. JME during early childhood is associated with increased learning from media. However, there are no validated scales of JME. In the present study, parents of 353 1-to-5-year olds answered a series of questions about their media use and behaviours. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two scales, one for viewing video content together and one for playing digital games together. Convergent validity was established by comparison to the widely used Television Mediation Scale. Together, these findings establish the JME instrument as a valid and reliable tool for measuring joint media engagement during early childhood.

数字媒体的发展日新月异,有些儿童在婴幼儿时期就开始使用数字媒体。与阅读书籍一样,幼儿需要成人的指导才能从数字媒体中学习。当学龄前儿童和他们的父母一起积极使用数字媒体时,就会出现联合媒体参与(JME)。幼儿期的联合媒体参与与媒体学习的增加有关。然而,目前还没有经过验证的联合媒体参与量表。在本研究中,353 名 1-5 岁儿童的父母回答了一系列有关其媒体使用和行为的问题。探索性因子分析得出了两个量表,一个是关于一起观看视频内容的量表,另一个是关于一起玩数字游戏的量表。通过与广泛使用的 "电视调解量表 "进行比较,确定了两者的一致性。这些研究结果证明,JME 工具是衡量幼儿期共同参与媒体活动的有效、可靠的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Parental control and adolescent social anxiety: A focus on emotional regulation strategies and socioeconomic influences in China. 父母控制与青少年社交焦虑:关注中国的情绪调节策略和社会经济影响。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12525
Wangqian Fu, Weida Zhang, Yuhan Dong, Guanyu Chen

An individual's social adaptation, which is influenced by both internalizing and externalizing factors, depends on social anxiety. We proposed that the connection between parental psychological control and social anxiety among middle school students was mediated by negative emotion response-focused strategies and moderated by socioeconomic status (SES). We collected data from 1343 Chinese students from 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.3, SD = 0.96) by applying the questionnaire of parental psychological control scale, social anxiety scale and negative emotion response-focused strategies scale. The findings demonstrated that parental psychological control, including father and mother psychological control, was positively associated with social anxiety and that the relationship between parental psychological control and children's social anxiety was mediated by negative emotion response-focused strategies. Meanwhile, SES played a moderating role in the relationship between children's negative emotion response-focused strategies and social anxiety. The findings also suggest that we should pay more attention to the psychological status and social interaction of children with lower SES.

个体的社会适应能力受到内化和外化因素的影响,而社会适应能力取决于社交焦虑。我们提出,父母的心理控制与中学生社交焦虑之间的联系是以消极情绪反应为中心的策略为中介,并受社会经济地位(SES)的调节。我们通过父母心理控制量表、社交焦虑量表和消极情绪反应策略量表,收集了 1343 名 12-16 岁中国学生(中=13.3,标差=0.96)的数据。结果表明,父母的心理控制(包括父亲和母亲的心理控制)与社交焦虑呈正相关,父母的心理控制与儿童社交焦虑之间的关系是以消极情绪反应为中心的策略为中介的。同时,社会经济地位在儿童的消极情绪反应策略与社交焦虑之间的关系中起着调节作用。研究结果还表明,我们应更多地关注社会经济地位较低儿童的心理状况和社会交往。
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引用次数: 0
Coping strategies employed by transgender youth with higher and lower quality of life. 生活质量较高和较低的变性青年采用的应对策略。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12524
Ítala Raymundo Chinazzo, Anna Martha Vaitses Fontanari, Annelise Riva, Bruno de Brito Silva, Lucca P Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Trajano, Marina Feijó, Angelo Brandelli Costa, Maria Inês Rodrigues Lobato

Understanding transgender youth coping mechanisms may help create strategies that reduce the influence of stress on quality of life. Our study aims to measure the quality of life of Brazilian transgender youth and analyse the association with their coping strategies used for dealing with general and gender-related stress. The sample consisted of 185 participants (μ = 18.49 years; SD 2.42); of which 95 (46.34%) transgender boys, 45 (21.95%) transgender girls, 65 (31.71%) non-binary. Better quality of life was related to social support, whereas lower quality of life was related to the use of avoidance coping style in the context of general stress. The study found no association between coping strategies for gender-related stress and quality of life. Thus, the increase in quality of life in the context of gender distress among transgender youth should involve other mechanisms than promoting coping skills.

了解变性青年的应对机制有助于制定减少压力对生活质量影响的策略。我们的研究旨在测量巴西变性青年的生活质量,并分析他们在应对一般压力和性别相关压力时所采用的应对策略与生活质量之间的关联。样本包括 185 名参与者(μ = 18.49 岁;SD 2.42);其中变性男孩 95 人(46.34%),变性女孩 45 人(21.95%),非二元性 65 人(31.71%)。较高的生活质量与社会支持有关,而较低的生活质量则与在一般压力下使用回避应对方式有关。研究发现,与性别有关的压力应对策略与生活质量之间没有关联。因此,在变性青年面临性别困扰的情况下,生活质量的提高应涉及其他机制,而不是促进应对技能。
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引用次数: 0
Methods and measures of source monitoring in children: A scoping review. 儿童源监测的方法和措施:范围审查。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12523
Qiuhong Li, Mengyuan Li, Chao Wu

Source monitoring (SM) refers to attributing sources of information. There are various methods for measuring SM in children. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to February 24, 2023, to summarize the methods and measures of SM in children, identifying 141 studies. The procedure for the SM tasks encompassed encoding, interval and testing. The encoding tasks were classified into ground-based activities (n = 67), computer-based experiments (n = 42) and mixed methods (n = 34). The testing approaches were categorized into old/new recognition and source discrimination, n-alternative forced-choice, yes/no questions and recall/direct questions. Among 10 commonly used indicators, source-correct, source-incorrect, discrimination score and source accuracy were recommended to present the SM function. We also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different SM methods in children, providing a reference for researchers to design and select SM measurements that meet their research objectives.

来源监测(SM)是指对信息来源的归属。衡量儿童信息源监控的方法有很多种。我们检索了 PubMed、PsycINFO、Embase、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Library 数据库从开始到 2023 年 2 月 24 日的内容,总结了儿童 SM 的方法和测量方法,共发现了 141 项研究。SM 任务的程序包括编码、间隔和测试。编码任务分为地面活动(n = 67)、计算机实验(n = 42)和混合方法(n = 34)。测试方法分为新旧识别和来源辨别、n-替代强迫选择、是/否问题和回忆/直接问题。在 10 个常用指标中,推荐使用来源正确率、来源不正确率、辨别分数和来源准确率来呈现 SM 功能。此外,我们还讨论了不同儿童测验方法的优缺点,为研究人员设计和选择符合其研究目标的儿童测验测量方法提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Children's and adolescents' expectations, evaluations and reasoning about a bystander who challenges social exclusion within intragroup and intergroup peer contexts. 儿童和青少年对在群体内和群体间同伴环境中挑战社会排斥的旁观者的期望、评价和推理。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12522
Ayşe Şule Yüksel, Sally B Palmer, Eirini K Argyri, Adam Rutland

This paper examined British children's (8- to 10-year-olds) and adolescents' (13- to 15-year-olds, N = 340; Female N = 171, 50.3%) expectations, evaluations and reasoning about a bystander peer who challenges the social exclusion of an immigrant or non-immigrant peer by a peer group of non-immigrant students. Participants read a hypothetical scenario in which a peer was excluded from an afterschool club by the peer group. The scenarios were either intergroup or intragroup contexts. Participants' expectations of a peer bystander challenging the social exclusion by the peer group, their perception of how the peer group would evaluate the challenger, and their reasoning around their expectations were measured. Adolescents were less likely to expect a peer bystander to challenge exclusion compared to children. Participants' perceptions of how the group would evaluate the challenger were significantly lower in intergroup compared to intragroup contexts. In intergroup contexts, adolescents with low expectations of challenging favoured group dynamics and group repercussions reasoning over moral reasoning, while children did not use group repercussions reasoning.

本文研究了英国儿童(8 至 10 岁)和青少年(13 至 15 岁,人数=340;女性人数=171,占 50.3%)对旁观者同伴的期望、评价和推理,旁观者同伴质疑非移民学生同伴群体对移民或非移民同伴的社会排斥。参与者阅读了一个假设情景,在该情景中,同伴被同伴群体排斥在课后俱乐部之外。这些情景要么是群体间的,要么是群体内的。研究测量了参与者对同伴旁观者挑战同伴群体社会排斥的期望、他们对同伴群体如何评价挑战者的看法,以及他们对自己的期望所持的理由。与儿童相比,青少年不太可能期望同伴旁观者挑战排斥。在群体间情境中,参与者对群体如何评价挑战者的认知明显低于群体内情境。在群体间情境中,对挑战期望较低的青少年更倾向于群体动态和群体反响推理,而不是道德推理,而儿童则不使用群体反响推理。
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引用次数: 0
The development of ambivalent sexism: Proposals for an expanded model 矛盾性别主义的发展:关于扩展模式的建议
IF 2.3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12521
Campbell Leaper
The United Nations' Goals for Sustainable Development highlight gender inequality as a pervasive problem around the world. Developmental psychologists can help us understand the development and consequences of sexism in people's lives. I highlight ambivalent sexism theory as a promising framework for this work; and I offer recommendations for expanding the theory. Ambivalent sexism theory distinguishes between hostile sexism and benevolent sexism as complementary processes perpetuating and maintaining men's dominance and heteronormativity in society. I summarize how these two forms of sexism emerge during childhood and adolescence; and I review the negative manifestations of hostile and benevolent sexism during adolescence and adulthood. Next, I chart several directions for expanding the ambivalent sexism model. These include addressing sexism directed towards gender‐nonconforming, sexual‐minoritized, and gender‐minoritized youth (in addition to sexism towards girls and women); taking into account the gender and sexual identities of both perpetrators and targets of sexism; considering a broader array of hostile and benevolent sexist practices than captured in existing measures; taking into account cultural variations and intersectionality in how ambivalent sexism is enacted; conducting more research on ambivalent sexism in childhood and adolescence and designing effective programs to reduce and to prevent ambivalent sexism beginning in childhood.
联合国可持续发展目标强调,性别不平等是全世界普遍存在的问题。发展心理学家可以帮助我们了解性别歧视在人们生活中的发展和后果。我强调矛盾的性别歧视理论是开展这项工作的一个很有前景的框架;我还为扩展这一理论提出了建议。矛盾性别主义理论将敌意性别主义和善意性别主义区分开来,认为它们是互补的过程,在社会中延续和维持男性的主导地位和异性恋。我总结了这两种形式的性别歧视是如何在童年和青春期出现的,并回顾了敌意性别歧视和善意性别歧视在青春期和成年期的负面表现。接下来,我为扩展矛盾的性别歧视模式描绘了几个方向。其中包括针对性别不符、性轻视和性别轻视青年的性别歧视(除了针对女孩和妇女的性别歧视);考虑性别歧视实施者和目标的性别和性身份;考虑比现有措施更广泛的敌意和善意的性别歧视做法;在实施矛盾性性别歧视的过程中,考虑文化差异和交叉性;对儿童和青少年时期的矛盾性性别歧视进行更多的研究,并设计有效的计划,从儿童时期开始减少和预防矛盾性性别歧视。
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引用次数: 0
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British Journal of Developmental Psychology
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