格雷戈里-伯克《黑色守望》中对支持伊拉克战争的后真相论述的问题批判

Güven Çağan
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摘要

特别是在上个世纪,人们对真理的认识发生了变化。在接受一种观点为真实时,考虑的是人与观点之间的情感联系,而不是客观事实,这导致了 "后真相 "概念的出现。在 2003 年伊拉克战争之前和战争期间,政治家、舆论领袖、平民和国家机构都试图通过后真相话语进行情感操纵来引导人们。在艺术领域,这种情况在有关战争的剧本中受到了批判。例如,格雷戈里-伯克在他的剧本《黑色守望》中揭露了军事机构的后真相话语。他在剧中塑造的历史和当代人物通过谈论战斗的美德来误导士兵。他们为此所使用的话语一般都是围绕着英雄主义、名声、财富和魅力的梦想而塑造的。他们通过浮夸的承诺说服人们去战斗,但战争带来的只有死亡和心理上的毁灭。伯克生动地描绘了士兵们在伊拉克所面临的危险,以及他们回国后所经历的失望。不过,他也通过自己的 "后真相 "话语批评了军事机构的亲战 "后真相 "叙事。由于他持反战立场,因此他的描述和叙述并不客观。由于这一矛盾,剧作家的批评具有自相矛盾的结构。基于这一论点,本文首先分析了剧中如何揭示军事机构的后真相话语,然后分析了剧作家如何强加类似的反驳,并指出作家对后真相的挑战是有问题的。
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The Problematic Criticism of the Post-Truth Pro-Iraq War Discourse in Gregory Burke’s Black Watch
Changing parameters in people’s perception of truth have taken on a different dimension, especially in the last century. The consideration of a person’s emotional connection to an idea, instead of objective truths, in accepting an opinion as true has led to the emergence of the concept of post-truth. Before and during the 2003 Iraq War, politicians, opinion leaders, civilians and state institutions tried to guide people through emotional manipulation through post-truth discourses. In the field of art, this situation is criticized in the plays written about the war. For instance, Gregory Burke exposes the post-truth discourse of the military institution in his play Black Watch. The historical and contemporary figures he creates in the play mislead soldiers by talking about the virtue of fighting. The discourses they use for this purpose are generally shaped around dreams of heroism, fame, wealth and charisma. They persuade people to fight by making ostentatious promises, but the only things war brings are death and psychological destruction. Burke vividly depicts the dangers the soldiers face in Iraq and the disappointments they experience upon returning home. However, he also criticizes the military institution for its pro-war post-truth narratives by utilizing a post-truth discourse himself. Since he takes an anti-war stance, he is not objective in his depictions and narratives. Due to this contradiction, the playwright’s criticism has a self-contradictory structure. Based on this argument, this article first analyses how the post-truth discourse of the military institution is revealed in the play, and then how the counter-arguments are similarly imposed by the playwright, and claims that the writer’s challenge with post-truth is problematic.
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