{"title":"阿拉伯语母语和借词中带有 /h+a:t/ 的阴性复数音","authors":"Reima Al-Jarf","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the ending /h+a:t/ in Feminine Sound Plural of native and loanwords in Arabic, and explain the conditions under which /h+a:t/ appears in the plural of native and loanwords regardless of the source language. A sample of 45 loanwords from English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portugues, Farsi, and Turkish and 80 native Arabic nouns/adjectives with a Feminine Sound Plural ending in /h+a:t/ were collected. Results showed that Arabic speakers pluralize native nouns/adjectives with a stem ending in /h/ or ta marboutah (تاء مربوطة) pronounced /h/ before a pause by simply adding the plural suffix /-a:t/. This means that /h/ is an integral part of the Arabic stem. Whereas in loanwords, they add an /h/ as a liaison consonant between the final long vowel in the stem and the initial long vowel in the /-a:t/ as Arabic phonology does not allow a sequence of two long vowels between a stem and a suffix. By inserting an /h/ in the pluralization of loanwords from French, they are connecting orthography with phonology as French words ending with final /eɪ/ are spelled in Arabic with a final يه\"” as in كليشيه، كافيه بوفيه، شاليه. /h/ is also inserted in stems with a final long vowel as in استديوهات /studio-ha:t/ studios. Here, Arabic speakers are assuming an underlying /h/ at the end of singular stems video, stereo, studio, baby, avenue. This rule does not apply to loanwords with stems with a final short vowel as in كيلوات فيتوات and even when all the vowels in the loanword are shortened through a neutralization process. In few cases, the consonant is moved from the stem to the suffix to form a syllable. Arabic speakers form plurals intuitively, i.e., Arabic plural formation rules are internalized. As a result they pluralize foreign nouns by analogy. Some Feminine Sound Plurals of loanwords rhyme with Feminine Sound Plurals of some native Arabic words as in loanwords /kli:ʃeɪha:t//, /bu:feɪha:t/, /vituwa:t/, /kiluwa:t/ & Arabic words /safi:ha:t/, /nabi:ha:t/, /nadawa:t/, /falawa:t/ , /Salawa:t/. When pluralized, the loanword and native have the same length and the same syllable structure.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Feminine Sound Plurals with /h+a:t/ in Native and Borrowed Words in Arabic\",\"authors\":\"Reima Al-Jarf\",\"doi\":\"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This study aimed to compare the ending /h+a:t/ in Feminine Sound Plural of native and loanwords in Arabic, and explain the conditions under which /h+a:t/ appears in the plural of native and loanwords regardless of the source language. A sample of 45 loanwords from English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portugues, Farsi, and Turkish and 80 native Arabic nouns/adjectives with a Feminine Sound Plural ending in /h+a:t/ were collected. Results showed that Arabic speakers pluralize native nouns/adjectives with a stem ending in /h/ or ta marboutah (تاء مربوطة) pronounced /h/ before a pause by simply adding the plural suffix /-a:t/. This means that /h/ is an integral part of the Arabic stem. Whereas in loanwords, they add an /h/ as a liaison consonant between the final long vowel in the stem and the initial long vowel in the /-a:t/ as Arabic phonology does not allow a sequence of two long vowels between a stem and a suffix. By inserting an /h/ in the pluralization of loanwords from French, they are connecting orthography with phonology as French words ending with final /eɪ/ are spelled in Arabic with a final يه\\\"” as in كليشيه، كافيه بوفيه، شاليه. /h/ is also inserted in stems with a final long vowel as in استديوهات /studio-ha:t/ studios. Here, Arabic speakers are assuming an underlying /h/ at the end of singular stems video, stereo, studio, baby, avenue. This rule does not apply to loanwords with stems with a final short vowel as in كيلوات فيتوات and even when all the vowels in the loanword are shortened through a neutralization process. In few cases, the consonant is moved from the stem to the suffix to form a syllable. Arabic speakers form plurals intuitively, i.e., Arabic plural formation rules are internalized. As a result they pluralize foreign nouns by analogy. Some Feminine Sound Plurals of loanwords rhyme with Feminine Sound Plurals of some native Arabic words as in loanwords /kli:ʃeɪha:t//, /bu:feɪha:t/, /vituwa:t/, /kiluwa:t/ & Arabic words /safi:ha:t/, /nabi:ha:t/, /nadawa:t/, /falawa:t/ , /Salawa:t/. When pluralized, the loanword and native have the same length and the same syllable structure.\",\"PeriodicalId\":188874,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Linguistics Studies\",\"volume\":\"3 3\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Linguistics Studies\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1x\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1x","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Feminine Sound Plurals with /h+a:t/ in Native and Borrowed Words in Arabic
This study aimed to compare the ending /h+a:t/ in Feminine Sound Plural of native and loanwords in Arabic, and explain the conditions under which /h+a:t/ appears in the plural of native and loanwords regardless of the source language. A sample of 45 loanwords from English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portugues, Farsi, and Turkish and 80 native Arabic nouns/adjectives with a Feminine Sound Plural ending in /h+a:t/ were collected. Results showed that Arabic speakers pluralize native nouns/adjectives with a stem ending in /h/ or ta marboutah (تاء مربوطة) pronounced /h/ before a pause by simply adding the plural suffix /-a:t/. This means that /h/ is an integral part of the Arabic stem. Whereas in loanwords, they add an /h/ as a liaison consonant between the final long vowel in the stem and the initial long vowel in the /-a:t/ as Arabic phonology does not allow a sequence of two long vowels between a stem and a suffix. By inserting an /h/ in the pluralization of loanwords from French, they are connecting orthography with phonology as French words ending with final /eɪ/ are spelled in Arabic with a final يه"” as in كليشيه، كافيه بوفيه، شاليه. /h/ is also inserted in stems with a final long vowel as in استديوهات /studio-ha:t/ studios. Here, Arabic speakers are assuming an underlying /h/ at the end of singular stems video, stereo, studio, baby, avenue. This rule does not apply to loanwords with stems with a final short vowel as in كيلوات فيتوات and even when all the vowels in the loanword are shortened through a neutralization process. In few cases, the consonant is moved from the stem to the suffix to form a syllable. Arabic speakers form plurals intuitively, i.e., Arabic plural formation rules are internalized. As a result they pluralize foreign nouns by analogy. Some Feminine Sound Plurals of loanwords rhyme with Feminine Sound Plurals of some native Arabic words as in loanwords /kli:ʃeɪha:t//, /bu:feɪha:t/, /vituwa:t/, /kiluwa:t/ & Arabic words /safi:ha:t/, /nabi:ha:t/, /nadawa:t/, /falawa:t/ , /Salawa:t/. When pluralized, the loanword and native have the same length and the same syllable structure.