Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.5
Ebrahim Douzandeh, Dr. Adnan Mohammad Bataineh, Aisha AbdulAziz, Al Marbuii, Halima Saif, Al Badi
Given the significance of tourism in national identity construction and promotion in current era along with Iran’s need for such an international image promotion, the present study investigated the linguistic texts on the discourse of the Iranian official tourism website to achieve two objectives. Firstly, considering the convoluted interplay among discourse, tourism, and national identity, it investigates how Iranians, in terms of their identity, are represented in the linguistic texts of the discourse used on the Iranian official tourism website. Secondly, it identifies how the discourse either maintains, challenges, or transforms the existing stereotyped perceptions of its identity, embracing its Western represented portrayal in Western media. The current study adopted critical discourse analysis as its framework and used Fairclough’s three-dimensional model as its approach to CDA. The findings of the study demonstrated that Iranians’ authentic and genuine identity, by which they wish to be seen, contests the Western mainstream perceptions of Iranian national identity. Therefore, there is a tendency to transform the prevailing Western stereotypical perceptions of their identity from the producers of the analyzed discourse.
{"title":"Exploring National Identity (Re)production: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Iran's Representation on its Official Tourism Website","authors":"Ebrahim Douzandeh, Dr. Adnan Mohammad Bataineh, Aisha AbdulAziz, Al Marbuii, Halima Saif, Al Badi","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Given the significance of tourism in national identity construction and promotion in current era along with Iran’s need for such an international image promotion, the present study investigated the linguistic texts on the discourse of the Iranian official tourism website to achieve two objectives. Firstly, considering the convoluted interplay among discourse, tourism, and national identity, it investigates how Iranians, in terms of their identity, are represented in the linguistic texts of the discourse used on the Iranian official tourism website. Secondly, it identifies how the discourse either maintains, challenges, or transforms the existing stereotyped perceptions of its identity, embracing its Western represented portrayal in Western media. The current study adopted critical discourse analysis as its framework and used Fairclough’s three-dimensional model as its approach to CDA. The findings of the study demonstrated that Iranians’ authentic and genuine identity, by which they wish to be seen, contests the Western mainstream perceptions of Iranian national identity. Therefore, there is a tendency to transform the prevailing Western stereotypical perceptions of their identity from the producers of the analyzed discourse.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"33 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.4
Ly Ngoc, Ph.D Toan
This study aims to shed light on the argument structure of the Vietnamese particles THÌ and LÀ, which function as markers of focused constituents and topic-comment structures, respectively. The research objectives are to identify the syntactic and semantic properties of constructions involving THÌ and LÀ, and to analyze their argument structures within the theoretical frameworks of construction grammar. Specifically, the constructional approach (Goldberg 1995, 2006) and radical construction grammar (Croft 2001) will be employed. The methodology involves collecting a corpus of naturally occurring data from various written sources. The data will undergo qualitative analysis to identify argument structure patterns associated with THÌ and LÀ constructions, as well as quantitative analysis of frequency and distribution. The expected findings will provide insights into the argument structures of these Vietnamese constructions, elucidating how focused constituents and topic-comment structures are marked. The study will evaluate the applicability of the chosen theoretical frameworks in accounting for the observed patterns. The findings have potential applications in natural language processing tasks requiring accurate recognition and interpretation of focused constituents and topic-comment structures, such as information extraction, machine translation, and language generation. Furthermore, the study may inform language teaching and acquisition by shedding light on the usage patterns of THÌ and LÀ in Vietnamese. The analysis is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of argument structures in Vietnamese and potentially motivate extensions or modifications to the theoretical frameworks.
本研究旨在揭示越南语微粒 THÌ 和 LÀ 的论据结构，它们分别作为重点成分和话题-评论结构的标记。研究目标是确定涉及 THÌ 和 LÀ 的结构的句法和语义属性，并在构式语法的理论框架内分析它们的参数结构。具体来说，将采用构式方法（Goldberg，1995 年，2006 年）和激进构式语法（Croft，2001 年）。研究方法包括从各种书面资料中收集自然发生的语料。这些数据将经过定性分析，以确定与 THÌ 和 LÀ 结构相关的论证结构模式，以及频率和分布的定量分析。预期研究结果将有助于深入了解这些越南语结构的论证结构，阐明重点成分和话题-评论结构是如何标记的。研究将评估所选理论框架在解释观察到的模式方面的适用性。研究结果有可能应用于需要准确识别和解释重点成分和话题注释结构的自然语言处理任务，如信息提取、机器翻译和语言生成。此外，这项研究还能揭示 THÌ 和 LÀ 在越南语中的使用模式，从而为语言教学和语言习得提供参考。该分析有望加深对越南语中论证结构的理解，并有可能促使对理论框架进行扩展或修改。
{"title":"THÌ and LÀ Constructions in Vietnamese: A Study on Argument Structures","authors":"Ly Ngoc, Ph.D Toan","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to shed light on the argument structure of the Vietnamese particles THÌ and LÀ, which function as markers of focused constituents and topic-comment structures, respectively. The research objectives are to identify the syntactic and semantic properties of constructions involving THÌ and LÀ, and to analyze their argument structures within the theoretical frameworks of construction grammar. Specifically, the constructional approach (Goldberg 1995, 2006) and radical construction grammar (Croft 2001) will be employed. The methodology involves collecting a corpus of naturally occurring data from various written sources. The data will undergo qualitative analysis to identify argument structure patterns associated with THÌ and LÀ constructions, as well as quantitative analysis of frequency and distribution. The expected findings will provide insights into the argument structures of these Vietnamese constructions, elucidating how focused constituents and topic-comment structures are marked. The study will evaluate the applicability of the chosen theoretical frameworks in accounting for the observed patterns. The findings have potential applications in natural language processing tasks requiring accurate recognition and interpretation of focused constituents and topic-comment structures, such as information extraction, machine translation, and language generation. Furthermore, the study may inform language teaching and acquisition by shedding light on the usage patterns of THÌ and LÀ in Vietnamese. The analysis is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of argument structures in Vietnamese and potentially motivate extensions or modifications to the theoretical frameworks.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"74 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.1
Yichen Yu
This paper focuses on the features of Mandarin Chinese in terms of head parameter, V-to-T parameter as well as the order of subject, verb and object. The purpose of this study is to show the performance of Mandarin Chinese in the scope of three major parameters. The study compares manifestations in parameters among multiple languages and examines previous views and related findings to illuminate some areas of the features of Mandarin Chinese. It is concluded that Chinese seems to have a mixed word order with head-final and head-initial properties co-exiting and exerting differences in different syntactic structures. The paper also raises an already heated topic and renders a possible explanation that other than all the parameters in hand, Mandarin deserves a new one to fit into.
{"title":"Features of Mandarin Chinese in Parameters","authors":"Yichen Yu","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the features of Mandarin Chinese in terms of head parameter, V-to-T parameter as well as the order of subject, verb and object. The purpose of this study is to show the performance of Mandarin Chinese in the scope of three major parameters. The study compares manifestations in parameters among multiple languages and examines previous views and related findings to illuminate some areas of the features of Mandarin Chinese. It is concluded that Chinese seems to have a mixed word order with head-final and head-initial properties co-exiting and exerting differences in different syntactic structures. The paper also raises an already heated topic and renders a possible explanation that other than all the parameters in hand, Mandarin deserves a new one to fit into.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.6
Ayad Hammood Ahmed, Zina Ali Hussein
Research on politeness and impoliteness recently has been the focus of pragmatics and discourse analysis, but impoliteness has gained little attention. An effort was exerted to examine how such a phenomenon works in different cultures. However, impoliteness as a linguistic medium of face attack has not received sufficient area of research in the Arabic context and the intercultural context, which is the main aim of this paper. This paper demonstrates a range of incidents encountered by Arabic and English native speakers. The model of analysis in this paper is a postmodern discursive approach in which the evaluative process is emphasized. It has been found in this paper that impolite utterances do not necessarily involve impoliteness or rudeness when the interlocutors’ social status, familiarity and distance are the same. This paper also showed that mock impoliteness functions as a linguistic tool for establishing solidarity between the members of the same culture when there is no intention of damaging face.
{"title":"Impoliteness, Politeness and Mock Impoliteness in Naturally Occurring Data","authors":"Ayad Hammood Ahmed, Zina Ali Hussein","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Research on politeness and impoliteness recently has been the focus of pragmatics and discourse analysis, but impoliteness has gained little attention. An effort was exerted to examine how such a phenomenon works in different cultures. However, impoliteness as a linguistic medium of face attack has not received sufficient area of research in the Arabic context and the intercultural context, which is the main aim of this paper. This paper demonstrates a range of incidents encountered by Arabic and English native speakers. The model of analysis in this paper is a postmodern discursive approach in which the evaluative process is emphasized. It has been found in this paper that impolite utterances do not necessarily involve impoliteness or rudeness when the interlocutors’ social status, familiarity and distance are the same. This paper also showed that mock impoliteness functions as a linguistic tool for establishing solidarity between the members of the same culture when there is no intention of damaging face.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.4
Jose Belda-Medina, Max Benjamin Goddard
This study aimed to explore the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and digital storytelling in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education among pre-service teachers. Conducted with third-year college students enrolled in a teacher training program, the study focuses on three main objectives: assessing the participants' prior knowledge of AI tools for EFL material creation, examining their attitudes towards the use of AI in language education, and evaluating the impact of collaborative digital storytelling projects on their perspectives towards integrating AI tools in educational settings. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study engaged a convenience sample of 115 pre-service teachers, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative research instruments such as a pre-post-test based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and class discussion. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative insights were derived through QDA Miner to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the participants' experiences and viewpoints. The findings reveal a notable gap in the pre-service teachers' prior knowledge of AI tools designed for educational purposes, indicating a limited exposure to or engagement with such technologies in their training. Despite this low level of familiarity, the study uncovers a predominantly positive attitude towards the adoption and integration of AI tools in language education. This positive disposition suggests an openness among future educators to explore and incorporate innovative technologies that can enhance teaching and learning experiences in EFL contexts. The research highlights how the practical experience of creating collaborative digital storytelling narratives using AI tools can positively influence pre-service teachers' attitudes towards technology integration. This shift in perspective underscores the potential of hands-on, project-based learning experiences to enrich teacher training programs by fostering a more receptive and adaptive mindset towards the use of emerging technologies in educational settings. The study underscores the importance of integrating AI and digital storytelling into teacher education curricula to better prepare pre-service teachers for the evolving demands of the digital age, advocating for a more informed, and innovative approach to EFL material development and teaching strategies.
{"title":"AI-Driven Digital Storytelling: A Strategy for Creating English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Materials","authors":"Jose Belda-Medina, Max Benjamin Goddard","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and digital storytelling in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education among pre-service teachers. Conducted with third-year college students enrolled in a teacher training program, the study focuses on three main objectives: assessing the participants' prior knowledge of AI tools for EFL material creation, examining their attitudes towards the use of AI in language education, and evaluating the impact of collaborative digital storytelling projects on their perspectives towards integrating AI tools in educational settings. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study engaged a convenience sample of 115 pre-service teachers, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative research instruments such as a pre-post-test based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and class discussion. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative insights were derived through QDA Miner to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the participants' experiences and viewpoints. The findings reveal a notable gap in the pre-service teachers' prior knowledge of AI tools designed for educational purposes, indicating a limited exposure to or engagement with such technologies in their training. Despite this low level of familiarity, the study uncovers a predominantly positive attitude towards the adoption and integration of AI tools in language education. This positive disposition suggests an openness among future educators to explore and incorporate innovative technologies that can enhance teaching and learning experiences in EFL contexts. The research highlights how the practical experience of creating collaborative digital storytelling narratives using AI tools can positively influence pre-service teachers' attitudes towards technology integration. This shift in perspective underscores the potential of hands-on, project-based learning experiences to enrich teacher training programs by fostering a more receptive and adaptive mindset towards the use of emerging technologies in educational settings. The study underscores the importance of integrating AI and digital storytelling into teacher education curricula to better prepare pre-service teachers for the evolving demands of the digital age, advocating for a more informed, and innovative approach to EFL material development and teaching strategies.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"57 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-11DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.3
Reima Al-Jarf
This study sought to explore how loanwords in Arabic are pluralized, whether loanword plurals are rule-based or idiosyncratic and the productivity of each type of loanword plural form: The Masculine Sound Plural (MSP), Broken Plural (BP), two or more Plurals, Zero Plural (ZP), Borrowed/Foreign Plural (BP) and Hybrid Plural (HP). It also aimed to shed light on the factors that contribute to the emergence of new, idiosyncratic plural forms. Analysis of a sample of 265 loanwords used in Standard and Colloquial Arabic collected from some Internet websites and glossaries showed that 37% of the loanwords in the sample have no plural forms (a Zero Plural) such as invariable singular nouns referring to food and drink (pizza, cappuccino), names of diseases and medications (bilharzia, Panadol), names of chemicals (potassium; ); sports (judo), sciences or areas of study (انثروبولوجيا anthropology), non-count nouns (ديزل diesel), Proper Nouns with a unique reference كونغرس) Congress ), noun referring to genus لافندر) lavender), and collective nouns (باغاج baggage). Results also showed that 35% of the loanwords take a BP only, whether it is a sole plural or a second or third plural form for the same loanword; 22% have double plurals as in nouns referring to some nationalities, ethnicities and religious groups, specialists and political loanwords; 16% have a BP (كادر /ka;dir/ > كوادر /kawa:dir/ cadres); 13% have a MSP together with another plural; 15% retain their Foreign Plural (يوتيوبرز YouTubers; موفيز movies; شيبس chips; داتا data); 4% have multiple plural forms (Malay (pl): الماليز (BP), ماليزيون (MSP), ماليزيات (FSP) and 1.5% have a HP (شوزات shoes+a:t/). Findings also showed that 46.5% of the loanwords follow the Arabic pluralization rules in the MSP, BP and FSP formation, even in the case of loanwords with double and multiple Plurals. Loanwords with a FP and HP represent a new morphological phenomenon in Arabic that was not reported by any prior study in the literature. The factors that contribute to the emergence of new idiosyncratic plural forms are discussed. Findings are also discussed in the light of some integration/adaptaion models of Arabic morphology. Recommendations for Arabic, English and translation pedagogy are given.
{"title":"Exploring Rule-based and Idiosyncratic Loanword Plural Forms in Arabic","authors":"Reima Al-Jarf","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to explore how loanwords in Arabic are pluralized, whether loanword plurals are rule-based or idiosyncratic and the productivity of each type of loanword plural form: The Masculine Sound Plural (MSP), Broken Plural (BP), two or more Plurals, Zero Plural (ZP), Borrowed/Foreign Plural (BP) and Hybrid Plural (HP). It also aimed to shed light on the factors that contribute to the emergence of new, idiosyncratic plural forms. Analysis of a sample of 265 loanwords used in Standard and Colloquial Arabic collected from some Internet websites and glossaries showed that 37% of the loanwords in the sample have no plural forms (a Zero Plural) such as invariable singular nouns referring to food and drink (pizza, cappuccino), names of diseases and medications (bilharzia, Panadol), names of chemicals (potassium; ); sports (judo), sciences or areas of study (انثروبولوجيا anthropology), non-count nouns (ديزل diesel), Proper Nouns with a unique reference كونغرس) Congress ), noun referring to genus لافندر) lavender), and collective nouns (باغاج baggage). Results also showed that 35% of the loanwords take a BP only, whether it is a sole plural or a second or third plural form for the same loanword; 22% have double plurals as in nouns referring to some nationalities, ethnicities and religious groups, specialists and political loanwords; 16% have a BP (كادر /ka;dir/ > كوادر /kawa:dir/ cadres); 13% have a MSP together with another plural; 15% retain their Foreign Plural (يوتيوبرز YouTubers; موفيز movies; شيبس chips; داتا data); 4% have multiple plural forms (Malay (pl): الماليز (BP), ماليزيون (MSP), ماليزيات (FSP) and 1.5% have a HP (شوزات shoes+a:t/). Findings also showed that 46.5% of the loanwords follow the Arabic pluralization rules in the MSP, BP and FSP formation, even in the case of loanwords with double and multiple Plurals. Loanwords with a FP and HP represent a new morphological phenomenon in Arabic that was not reported by any prior study in the literature. The factors that contribute to the emergence of new idiosyncratic plural forms are discussed. Findings are also discussed in the light of some integration/adaptaion models of Arabic morphology. Recommendations for Arabic, English and translation pedagogy are given.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-11DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.3
Reima Al-Jarf
This study sought to explore how loanwords in Arabic are pluralized, whether loanword plurals are rule-based or idiosyncratic and the productivity of each type of loanword plural form: The Masculine Sound Plural (MSP), Broken Plural (BP), two or more Plurals, Zero Plural (ZP), Borrowed/Foreign Plural (BP) and Hybrid Plural (HP). It also aimed to shed light on the factors that contribute to the emergence of new, idiosyncratic plural forms. Analysis of a sample of 265 loanwords used in Standard and Colloquial Arabic collected from some Internet websites and glossaries showed that 37% of the loanwords in the sample have no plural forms (a Zero Plural) such as invariable singular nouns referring to food and drink (pizza, cappuccino), names of diseases and medications (bilharzia, Panadol), names of chemicals (potassium; ); sports (judo), sciences or areas of study (انثروبولوجيا anthropology), non-count nouns (ديزل diesel), Proper Nouns with a unique reference كونغرس) Congress ), noun referring to genus لافندر) lavender), and collective nouns (باغاج baggage). Results also showed that 35% of the loanwords take a BP only, whether it is a sole plural or a second or third plural form for the same loanword; 22% have double plurals as in nouns referring to some nationalities, ethnicities and religious groups, specialists and political loanwords; 16% have a BP (كادر /ka;dir/ > كوادر /kawa:dir/ cadres); 13% have a MSP together with another plural; 15% retain their Foreign Plural (يوتيوبرز YouTubers; موفيز movies; شيبس chips; داتا data); 4% have multiple plural forms (Malay (pl): الماليز (BP), ماليزيون (MSP), ماليزيات (FSP) and 1.5% have a HP (شوزات shoes+a:t/). Findings also showed that 46.5% of the loanwords follow the Arabic pluralization rules in the MSP, BP and FSP formation, even in the case of loanwords with double and multiple Plurals. Loanwords with a FP and HP represent a new morphological phenomenon in Arabic that was not reported by any prior study in the literature. The factors that contribute to the emergence of new idiosyncratic plural forms are discussed. Findings are also discussed in the light of some integration/adaptaion models of Arabic morphology. Recommendations for Arabic, English and translation pedagogy are given.
{"title":"Exploring Rule-based and Idiosyncratic Loanword Plural Forms in Arabic","authors":"Reima Al-Jarf","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to explore how loanwords in Arabic are pluralized, whether loanword plurals are rule-based or idiosyncratic and the productivity of each type of loanword plural form: The Masculine Sound Plural (MSP), Broken Plural (BP), two or more Plurals, Zero Plural (ZP), Borrowed/Foreign Plural (BP) and Hybrid Plural (HP). It also aimed to shed light on the factors that contribute to the emergence of new, idiosyncratic plural forms. Analysis of a sample of 265 loanwords used in Standard and Colloquial Arabic collected from some Internet websites and glossaries showed that 37% of the loanwords in the sample have no plural forms (a Zero Plural) such as invariable singular nouns referring to food and drink (pizza, cappuccino), names of diseases and medications (bilharzia, Panadol), names of chemicals (potassium; ); sports (judo), sciences or areas of study (انثروبولوجيا anthropology), non-count nouns (ديزل diesel), Proper Nouns with a unique reference كونغرس) Congress ), noun referring to genus لافندر) lavender), and collective nouns (باغاج baggage). Results also showed that 35% of the loanwords take a BP only, whether it is a sole plural or a second or third plural form for the same loanword; 22% have double plurals as in nouns referring to some nationalities, ethnicities and religious groups, specialists and political loanwords; 16% have a BP (كادر /ka;dir/ > كوادر /kawa:dir/ cadres); 13% have a MSP together with another plural; 15% retain their Foreign Plural (يوتيوبرز YouTubers; موفيز movies; شيبس chips; داتا data); 4% have multiple plural forms (Malay (pl): الماليز (BP), ماليزيون (MSP), ماليزيات (FSP) and 1.5% have a HP (شوزات shoes+a:t/). Findings also showed that 46.5% of the loanwords follow the Arabic pluralization rules in the MSP, BP and FSP formation, even in the case of loanwords with double and multiple Plurals. Loanwords with a FP and HP represent a new morphological phenomenon in Arabic that was not reported by any prior study in the literature. The factors that contribute to the emergence of new idiosyncratic plural forms are discussed. Findings are also discussed in the light of some integration/adaptaion models of Arabic morphology. Recommendations for Arabic, English and translation pedagogy are given.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"45 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.2
Norah Hamad Mubarak Alotaibi
The present study is conducted in order to explore the use of white language, which is defined as an Arabic language which contains the use of English words while using Arabic and that lacks any particular regional accent, vocabulary, or any other regional characteristics. Furthermore, it examined the relationship between the white language and the following: age, gender, prestige, social media, area of origin and English level of proficiency. The study used a quantitative research approach. In order to provide the data needed, the current study used a questionnaire as its instrument. The study sample included 627 citizens of Riyadh city. The findings of the study revealed that the sample was neutral to the use of white language. That is, sometimes they use it, and they do not use it. Furthermore, the analysis of the data showed that there was a relationship between social media, prestige and white language; participants who used social media more and who perceived white language as a prestigious language tended to use it more. In addition, it was revealed that there was a relationship between age and white language; as age increases, white language usage decreases. From the analysis, it was found that there were no differences between different areas of origin in the use of white language; however, there were differences in the use of non-regional vocabulary between central and southern areas of origin. Moreover, the findings uncovered the relationship between white language and the level of English proficiency; participants with a high command of English tend to use white language more. However, the results showed that the level of English proficiency has no relationship with the use of non-regional vocabulary. Finally, the findings further indicated that there were no differences between males and females in the use of white language. However, the findings suggested that there were differences between males and females in their use of code-switching.
{"title":"The Relationship between Age, Gender, Prestige, Social Media, Area of Origin, Level of English Proficiency and the Use of White Language in Riyadh City in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Norah Hamad Mubarak Alotaibi","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is conducted in order to explore the use of white language, which is defined as an Arabic language which contains the use of English words while using Arabic and that lacks any particular regional accent, vocabulary, or any other regional characteristics. Furthermore, it examined the relationship between the white language and the following: age, gender, prestige, social media, area of origin and English level of proficiency. The study used a quantitative research approach. In order to provide the data needed, the current study used a questionnaire as its instrument. The study sample included 627 citizens of Riyadh city. The findings of the study revealed that the sample was neutral to the use of white language. That is, sometimes they use it, and they do not use it. Furthermore, the analysis of the data showed that there was a relationship between social media, prestige and white language; participants who used social media more and who perceived white language as a prestigious language tended to use it more. In addition, it was revealed that there was a relationship between age and white language; as age increases, white language usage decreases. From the analysis, it was found that there were no differences between different areas of origin in the use of white language; however, there were differences in the use of non-regional vocabulary between central and southern areas of origin. Moreover, the findings uncovered the relationship between white language and the level of English proficiency; participants with a high command of English tend to use white language more. However, the results showed that the level of English proficiency has no relationship with the use of non-regional vocabulary. Finally, the findings further indicated that there were no differences between males and females in the use of white language. However, the findings suggested that there were differences between males and females in their use of code-switching.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139524320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1x
Reima Al-Jarf
This study aimed to compare the ending /h+a:t/ in Feminine Sound Plural of native and loanwords in Arabic, and explain the conditions under which /h+a:t/ appears in the plural of native and loanwords regardless of the source language. A sample of 45 loanwords from English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portugues, Farsi, and Turkish and 80 native Arabic nouns/adjectives with a Feminine Sound Plural ending in /h+a:t/ were collected. Results showed that Arabic speakers pluralize native nouns/adjectives with a stem ending in /h/ or ta marboutah (تاء مربوطة) pronounced /h/ before a pause by simply adding the plural suffix /-a:t/. This means that /h/ is an integral part of the Arabic stem. Whereas in loanwords, they add an /h/ as a liaison consonant between the final long vowel in the stem and the initial long vowel in the /-a:t/ as Arabic phonology does not allow a sequence of two long vowels between a stem and a suffix. By inserting an /h/ in the pluralization of loanwords from French, they are connecting orthography with phonology as French words ending with final /eɪ/ are spelled in Arabic with a final يه"” as in كليشيه، كافيه بوفيه، شاليه. /h/ is also inserted in stems with a final long vowel as in استديوهات /studio-ha:t/ studios. Here, Arabic speakers are assuming an underlying /h/ at the end of singular stems video, stereo, studio, baby, avenue. This rule does not apply to loanwords with stems with a final short vowel as in كيلوات فيتوات and even when all the vowels in the loanword are shortened through a neutralization process. In few cases, the consonant is moved from the stem to the suffix to form a syllable. Arabic speakers form plurals intuitively, i.e., Arabic plural formation rules are internalized. As a result they pluralize foreign nouns by analogy. Some Feminine Sound Plurals of loanwords rhyme with Feminine Sound Plurals of some native Arabic words as in loanwords /kli:ʃeɪha:t//, /bu:feɪha:t/, /vituwa:t/, /kiluwa:t/ & Arabic words /safi:ha:t/, /nabi:ha:t/, /nadawa:t/, /falawa:t/ , /Salawa:t/. When pluralized, the loanword and native have the same length and the same syllable structure.
{"title":"Feminine Sound Plurals with /h+a:t/ in Native and Borrowed Words in Arabic","authors":"Reima Al-Jarf","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2024.4.1.1x","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the ending /h+a:t/ in Feminine Sound Plural of native and loanwords in Arabic, and explain the conditions under which /h+a:t/ appears in the plural of native and loanwords regardless of the source language. A sample of 45 loanwords from English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portugues, Farsi, and Turkish and 80 native Arabic nouns/adjectives with a Feminine Sound Plural ending in /h+a:t/ were collected. Results showed that Arabic speakers pluralize native nouns/adjectives with a stem ending in /h/ or ta marboutah (تاء مربوطة) pronounced /h/ before a pause by simply adding the plural suffix /-a:t/. This means that /h/ is an integral part of the Arabic stem. Whereas in loanwords, they add an /h/ as a liaison consonant between the final long vowel in the stem and the initial long vowel in the /-a:t/ as Arabic phonology does not allow a sequence of two long vowels between a stem and a suffix. By inserting an /h/ in the pluralization of loanwords from French, they are connecting orthography with phonology as French words ending with final /eɪ/ are spelled in Arabic with a final يه\"” as in كليشيه، كافيه بوفيه، شاليه. /h/ is also inserted in stems with a final long vowel as in استديوهات /studio-ha:t/ studios. Here, Arabic speakers are assuming an underlying /h/ at the end of singular stems video, stereo, studio, baby, avenue. This rule does not apply to loanwords with stems with a final short vowel as in كيلوات فيتوات and even when all the vowels in the loanword are shortened through a neutralization process. In few cases, the consonant is moved from the stem to the suffix to form a syllable. Arabic speakers form plurals intuitively, i.e., Arabic plural formation rules are internalized. As a result they pluralize foreign nouns by analogy. Some Feminine Sound Plurals of loanwords rhyme with Feminine Sound Plurals of some native Arabic words as in loanwords /kli:ʃeɪha:t//, /bu:feɪha:t/, /vituwa:t/, /kiluwa:t/ & Arabic words /safi:ha:t/, /nabi:ha:t/, /nadawa:t/, /falawa:t/ , /Salawa:t/. When pluralized, the loanword and native have the same length and the same syllable structure.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2023.3.3.4
Cheng Yang
The examination metaphor in Chinese urban discourse appears more and more frequently, becoming a new kind of metaphor with Chinese characteristics, and its related research is an exploration of the external communication of urban image based on philosophical cognition and discourse rhetoric. The study of metaphors in urban discourse can follow the theoretical paradigm of "two identification and three grouping", in which specific metaphors are identified through quantitative and qualitative identification procedures, followed by a three-step grouping analysis of metaphor generation mechanism, diffusion performance, and motivation function to comprehensively and systematically describe and explain these metaphors. The examination metaphors in this investigation are used more frequently than war metaphors as the characteristic metaphors of Chinese urban discourse and enter the new-age urban discourse through the cognitive mechanism of conceptual integration; the examination metaphors have fixed types and rich collocations; they are generated under a variety of cognitive, rhetorical, cultural, and figurative motives and play the functions of discursive rhetoric, image shaping, and empathic cognition. Finally, it is important to balance the advantages and disadvantages of exam metaphors in urban discourse and to develop new paths of discourse metaphor research.
{"title":"The Examination Metaphor and its Source Image Transformation in Chinese Urban Discourse","authors":"Cheng Yang","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2023.3.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2023.3.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The examination metaphor in Chinese urban discourse appears more and more frequently, becoming a new kind of metaphor with Chinese characteristics, and its related research is an exploration of the external communication of urban image based on philosophical cognition and discourse rhetoric. The study of metaphors in urban discourse can follow the theoretical paradigm of \"two identification and three grouping\", in which specific metaphors are identified through quantitative and qualitative identification procedures, followed by a three-step grouping analysis of metaphor generation mechanism, diffusion performance, and motivation function to comprehensively and systematically describe and explain these metaphors. The examination metaphors in this investigation are used more frequently than war metaphors as the characteristic metaphors of Chinese urban discourse and enter the new-age urban discourse through the cognitive mechanism of conceptual integration; the examination metaphors have fixed types and rich collocations; they are generated under a variety of cognitive, rhetorical, cultural, and figurative motives and play the functions of discursive rhetoric, image shaping, and empathic cognition. Finally, it is important to balance the advantages and disadvantages of exam metaphors in urban discourse and to develop new paths of discourse metaphor research.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"C-36 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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