盐沼植物在金属滞留中的作用以及植被长期清除金属的潜力

Patrícia Cunha , Ana M. Gorito , Joana P. Fernandes , Ana Paula Mucha , C. Marisa R. Almeida
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引用次数: 0

摘要

河口及其盐沼与生态系统保护息息相关。它们不仅为众多物种的栖息提供了独特的条件,还能在减轻污染方面发挥重要作用。本研究旨在以先前监测过的河口(利马河口)为案例,评估盐沼植物在长期保留金属方面的作用。2022 年开展了季节性采样活动,以确定河口地区三个地点(Canogem、Salinas 和 Srª das Areias)有植被和无植被沉积物以及盐沼植物中的金属(镉、铬、铜、铁、锰、镍、铅和锌)浓度。结果显示,尽管存在一些季节性变化,但盐沼植物的根系沉积物(植被沉积物中的金属/非植被沉积物中的金属之比为 1)和根系中都富集了金属,即镉、铜和锌(植物根系中的金属/非植被沉积物中的金属之比为 1)。这种作用似乎可以长期保持,2009 年和 2022 年的植物金属滞留水平相似,这表明植物可能有助于去除地表水中的金属。不过,在 Srª das Areias 的一个地点,这一作用似乎正在减弱,有退化的迹象。因此,盐沼植物具有在河口地区保留金属的潜力,有助于减少水生环境中的金属含量,防止其在河口地区扩散,进入沿海地区,并最终进入地下蓄水层。必须保护这一环境,并促进无植被河口地区的植被恢复,使盐沼成为一种基于自然的解决方案,防止和/或恢复受影响的环境,从而使盐沼能够继续提供其多重共同效益。
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Saltmarsh plants role in metals retention and the potential of vegetation for metal removal in the long term

Estuaries along with their saltmarshes are extremely relevant areas to what ecosystems conservation is concerned. Not only do they provide unique conditions to house numerous species but can also play an important role in pollution mitigation. This study aimed to evaluate the role of saltmarsh plants in metals retention in the long term, using a previously monitored estuary as a case study (Lima river estuary). Seasonal sampling campaigns were carried out in 2022 to determine the metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations in vegetated and non-vegetated sediments, as well as in saltmarsh plants at three sites within the estuarine area, Canogem, Salinas and Srª das Areias. Results showed saltmarsh plants, despite some seasonal variability, are concentrating metals in their rhizosediments (ratio metal in vegetated sediment / metal in non-vegetated sediment >1) and in their roots, namely Cd, Cu and Zn (ratio metal in plant roots / metal in non-vegetated sediment >1). This role seems to be maintained in the long term, with plant metal retention levels similar in 2009 and 2022, indicating plants are probably contributing to remove metals from the surface water. However, this feature seems to be decreasing in one of the sites, Srª das Areias, that shows signs of degradation. Thus, saltmarsh plants have the potential to retain metals in estuarine areas, contributing to reduce metals present in the aquatic environment and preventing them from spreading through the estuarine area, from reaching coastal areas and eventually from reaching underlying aquifers. Protection of this environment is mandatory and the promotion of re-vegetation of non-vegetated estuarine areas is needed so that the saltmarsh works as a nature-based solution that prevents and/or recovers impacted environments, in order that saltmarshes can continue to deliver their multiple co-benefits.

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