藻类吃光了世界海洋中的二氧化硅吗?

Rebecca A. Pickering, Kristin Doering
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摘要

硅是一种重要的营养物质,它可以与氧元素结合形成一种通常被称为二氧化硅的物质。二氧化硅俗称玻璃,存在于地壳的岩石中,并溶解到海洋中,藻类和海绵等生物利用它来构建自己的玻璃骨架。这一过程被称为生物硅化,在二氧化硅循环中极为重要。随着时间的推移,生物改变了二氧化硅的循环。如今,由于这些生物的存在,海洋中不再含有大量的二氧化硅。然而,在地球年轻的时候,这些生物尚未进化,没有任何生物过程会影响海洋中的二氧化硅。随着时间的推移,这些海洋生物的进化将二氧化硅从海洋中移除。在本文中,我们将讨论使用硅的海绵以及被称为浮游动物和藻类的微小生物的进化是如何通过地质年代改变世界海洋中的硅含量的。
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Did Algae Eat All the Silica in the World’s Oceans?
Silicon is a crucial nutrient that can join with the element oxygen to form a substance commonly called silica. Silica, commonly known as glass, is found in rocks in the Earth’s crust and dissolves into the oceans, where organisms like algae and sponges use it to build their glassy skeletons. This process, called biosilicification, is extremely important in the silica cycle. Over time, organisms have changed the silica cycle. Today, because of these organisms, the oceans no longer contain much silica. However, when the Earth was younger and these organisms had not evolved yet, no biological processes affected silica in the oceans. The evolution of these oceanic organisms across time has removed silica from the oceans. In this article, we discuss how the evolution of silicon-using sponges, as well as tiny organisms called zooplankton and algae, have changed the amount of silica in the world’s oceans through geologic time.
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