游戏如何帮助我们研究与年龄有关的记忆变化

Charlotte Ashton, Fiona McNab
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摘要

工作记忆是一种在短时间内将信息保存在大脑中的能力,通常是在我们工作的时候。我们在做功课、解决问题以及生活的许多方面都需要工作记忆。有些人比其他人能在头脑中容纳更多的信息,而随着年龄的增长,我们能容纳的信息量往往会下降。如果我们了解是什么限制了工作记忆,以及工作记忆是如何随着年龄的增长而变化的,我们就能找到改善工作记忆的方法。一个人专注于相关信息并忽略干扰的能力似乎很重要。我们的研究小组研究了人们忽略不同类型干扰的能力,这些干扰可能会限制他们的工作记忆。为了对大量不同能力的人进行抽样调查,我们使用了一个有 29631 人参与的游戏。研究结果为我们提供了忽略干扰的能力如何影响工作记忆的线索,我们还发现了一种特定类型的干扰,这种干扰似乎特别影响老年人的工作记忆。
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How Games Help Us Research Age-Related Memory Changes
Working memory is the ability to hold information in our minds for a short time, often while we work on it. We need it for schoolwork, solving problems, and many aspects of life. Some people can hold more information in mind than others, and as we get older the amount we can hold tends to decline. If we understand what limits working memory and how working memory changes with age, we can figure out ways to improve it. A person’s ability to focus on relevant information and ignore distraction seems to be important. Our research group looked at how well people can ignore different types of distraction, which might limit their working memory. To sample a large number of people with a range of abilities, we used a game played by 29,631 people. The results gave us clues about how our ability to ignore distraction affects our working memory, and we identified a specific type of distraction that seems to particularly affect working memory in older adults.
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