Markus Herrmann, Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco, Marco Balasso, Katarzyna Sobolewska, Maria Donatella Semeraro, Nerea Alonso, Wolfgang Herrmann
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BAs mediate their metabolic effects through receptor dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that BAs are also involved in bone and muscle metabolism. Under normal circumstances, BAs support bone health by shifting the delicate equilibrium of bone turnover toward bone formation. In contrast, low or excessive amounts of BAs promote bone resorption. In cholestatic liver disease, BAs accumulate in the liver, reach toxic concentrations in the circulation, and thus may contribute to bone loss and muscle wasting. In addition, the measurement of BAs is in rapid evolution with modern mass spectrometry techniques that allow for the detection of a continuously growing number of BAs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemistry, physiology and measurement of bile acids. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
骨质疏松症和肌肉疏松症都是常见的老年性疾病,与发病率和死亡率的增加有关。骨骼和肌肉是新陈代谢非常活跃的组织,需要大量能量。胆汁酸(BA)是一类来源于肝脏的类固醇化合物,主要作为乳化剂促进饮食中脂肪和脂质的吸收。此外,胆汁酸还在脂蛋白和葡萄糖代谢、炎症和肠道细菌生长方面具有多种代谢功能。通过这些作用,它们与糖尿病、高甘油三酯血症、动脉粥样硬化和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎等代谢性疾病有关。BAs 通过受体依赖性和受体非依赖性机制介导其代谢效应。新的证据表明,BAs 还参与骨骼和肌肉的新陈代谢。在正常情况下,BA 可使骨转换的微妙平衡转向骨形成,从而促进骨骼健康。相反,低量或过量的 BAs 会促进骨吸收。在胆汁淤积性肝病中,BA 在肝脏中蓄积,在血液循环中达到毒性浓度,从而可能导致骨质流失和肌肉萎缩。此外,随着现代质谱技术的发展,BAs 的测量方法也在迅速演变,可检测的 BAs 种类不断增多。本综述全面概述了胆汁酸的生物化学、生理学和测量方法。此外,它还总结了有关胆汁酸在骨骼和肌肉中作用的现有文献。
The role of bile acid metabolism in bone and muscle: from analytics to mechanisms.
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are both common age-related disorders that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bone and muscle are metabolically very active tissues that require large amounts of energy. Bile acids (BAs), a group of liver-derived steroid compounds, are primarily known as emulsifiers that facilitate the resorption of dietary fat and lipids. In addition, they have pleiotropic metabolic functions in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal bacterial growth. Through these effects, they are related to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. BAs mediate their metabolic effects through receptor dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that BAs are also involved in bone and muscle metabolism. Under normal circumstances, BAs support bone health by shifting the delicate equilibrium of bone turnover toward bone formation. In contrast, low or excessive amounts of BAs promote bone resorption. In cholestatic liver disease, BAs accumulate in the liver, reach toxic concentrations in the circulation, and thus may contribute to bone loss and muscle wasting. In addition, the measurement of BAs is in rapid evolution with modern mass spectrometry techniques that allow for the detection of a continuously growing number of BAs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemistry, physiology and measurement of bile acids. Furthermore, it summarizes the existing literature regarding their role in bone and muscle.
期刊介绍:
Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences publishes comprehensive and high quality review articles in all areas of clinical laboratory science, including clinical biochemistry, hematology, microbiology, pathology, transfusion medicine, genetics, immunology and molecular diagnostics. The reviews critically evaluate the status of current issues in the selected areas, with a focus on clinical laboratory diagnostics and latest advances. The adjective “critical” implies a balanced synthesis of results and conclusions that are frequently contradictory and controversial.