Nora Trabulsi , Sarah Almaghrabi , Basma Bamakhrama , Zahir Fadel , Alaa Shabkah , Ali Farsi , Basim Awan
{"title":"隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断、调查和治疗:病例报告和文献系统回顾","authors":"Nora Trabulsi , Sarah Almaghrabi , Basma Bamakhrama , Zahir Fadel , Alaa Shabkah , Ali Farsi , Basim Awan","doi":"10.1016/j.cpccr.2024.100296","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Occult breast cancer (OBC) is an uncommon diagnosis that rarely causes skin metastasis. Our aim herein was to report a case of OBC with cutaneous metastasis and to systematically review the current evidence on the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of such cases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We included studies in English published from inception to August 2022 that included male or female patients who presented with OBC metastasis to the skin and that reported clinical outcomes of interest.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 854 articles, 13 of which were included in our review. The articles were case reports published between 2009 and 2022 and included 13 patients. The commonest site for skin lesions was the chest (<em>n</em> = 7), followed by the axilla (<em>n</em> = 5), of which 2 were bilateral. The skin lesions were nodular in 5 cases, macular in 2 cases, urticarial in 2 cases, papular in 1 case, and ulcerating in 2 cases. Skin metastasis was positive for estrogen receptor in 8 cases, progesterone receptor in 7 cases, cytokeratin 7 in 6 cases, and GATA binding protein 3 in 5 cases. Medical management was mostly by chemotherapy (<em>n</em> = 7) and hormonal therapy (<em>n</em> = 3). Surgical excision of the skin lesion was performed in 5 cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Cutaneous breast metastasis in the absence of the primary lesion is a rare phenomenon. Most cases reviewed were managed with multimodal approach including surgical and medical management. This review provides reference for physicians coming across similar cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72741,"journal":{"name":"Current problems in cancer. Case reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266662192400019X/pdfft?md5=993450f559666c545da066ded6832304&pid=1-s2.0-S266662192400019X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of occult breast cancer: A case report and systematic review of the literature\",\"authors\":\"Nora Trabulsi , Sarah Almaghrabi , Basma Bamakhrama , Zahir Fadel , Alaa Shabkah , Ali Farsi , Basim Awan\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.cpccr.2024.100296\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Occult breast cancer (OBC) is an uncommon diagnosis that rarely causes skin metastasis. Our aim herein was to report a case of OBC with cutaneous metastasis and to systematically review the current evidence on the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of such cases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We included studies in English published from inception to August 2022 that included male or female patients who presented with OBC metastasis to the skin and that reported clinical outcomes of interest.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 854 articles, 13 of which were included in our review. The articles were case reports published between 2009 and 2022 and included 13 patients. The commonest site for skin lesions was the chest (<em>n</em> = 7), followed by the axilla (<em>n</em> = 5), of which 2 were bilateral. The skin lesions were nodular in 5 cases, macular in 2 cases, urticarial in 2 cases, papular in 1 case, and ulcerating in 2 cases. Skin metastasis was positive for estrogen receptor in 8 cases, progesterone receptor in 7 cases, cytokeratin 7 in 6 cases, and GATA binding protein 3 in 5 cases. Medical management was mostly by chemotherapy (<em>n</em> = 7) and hormonal therapy (<em>n</em> = 3). Surgical excision of the skin lesion was performed in 5 cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Cutaneous breast metastasis in the absence of the primary lesion is a rare phenomenon. Most cases reviewed were managed with multimodal approach including surgical and medical management. This review provides reference for physicians coming across similar cases.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":72741,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current problems in cancer. Case reports\",\"volume\":\"14 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100296\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266662192400019X/pdfft?md5=993450f559666c545da066ded6832304&pid=1-s2.0-S266662192400019X-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current problems in cancer. Case reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266662192400019X\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ONCOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current problems in cancer. Case reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266662192400019X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of occult breast cancer: A case report and systematic review of the literature
Background
Occult breast cancer (OBC) is an uncommon diagnosis that rarely causes skin metastasis. Our aim herein was to report a case of OBC with cutaneous metastasis and to systematically review the current evidence on the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of such cases.
Methods
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We included studies in English published from inception to August 2022 that included male or female patients who presented with OBC metastasis to the skin and that reported clinical outcomes of interest.
Results
We identified 854 articles, 13 of which were included in our review. The articles were case reports published between 2009 and 2022 and included 13 patients. The commonest site for skin lesions was the chest (n = 7), followed by the axilla (n = 5), of which 2 were bilateral. The skin lesions were nodular in 5 cases, macular in 2 cases, urticarial in 2 cases, papular in 1 case, and ulcerating in 2 cases. Skin metastasis was positive for estrogen receptor in 8 cases, progesterone receptor in 7 cases, cytokeratin 7 in 6 cases, and GATA binding protein 3 in 5 cases. Medical management was mostly by chemotherapy (n = 7) and hormonal therapy (n = 3). Surgical excision of the skin lesion was performed in 5 cases.
Conclusion
Cutaneous breast metastasis in the absence of the primary lesion is a rare phenomenon. Most cases reviewed were managed with multimodal approach including surgical and medical management. This review provides reference for physicians coming across similar cases.