Ana T. Lima , Gunvor M. Kirkelund , Zheng Lu , Ruichang Mao , Wolfgang Kunther , Carsten Rode , Simon Slabik , Annette Hafner , Husam Sameer , Hans H. Dürr , Martina Flörke , Benjamin H. Lowe , Davide Aloini , Pierluigi Zerbino , Sofia G. Simoes
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The main sub-categories of steel, cement, glass, clay-brick, insulation materials, and wood were used to identify which Rs are currently addressed at the lab and industrial scales: refuse, reduce, rethink, repair, reuse, remanufacture, refurbish, repurpose, recycle, and recover. The CE practices were reviewed using scientific repositories and grey literature, validated by European-wide stakeholders, and mapped across the life-cycle stages of the six materials – extraction, manufacturing, use, and end-of-life (EoL). The mapping was limited to the manufacturing and EoL stages because materials could be identified at these stages (the extraction phase pertains to resources, and the use phase to a product, for example, buildings). All reviewed CE practices identified at the industrial scale were quantified at the European level. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
循环经济(CE)实践为建筑行业降低材料和碳密集度铺平了道路。然而,要通过气候减缓模型对循环经济进行量化,首先必须确定产品(或材料)价值链上的循环经济实践。在本综述中,我们对 6 种建筑材料价值链上的碳排放权实践进行了映射,以了解这些实践如何影响气候减缓模型,以及如何在气候减缓模型中加以考虑。通过钢材、水泥、玻璃、粘土砖、绝缘材料和木材这几个主要子类别,确定了目前在实验室和工业规模上所采取的应对措施:拒绝、减少、反思、修理、再利用、再制造、翻新、再利用、再循环和回收。利用科学资料库和灰色文献对 CE 实践进行了审查,由全欧洲的利益相关者进行了验证,并在六种材料的生命周期各阶段--提取、制造、使用和报废(EoL)--进行了映射。绘制仅限于制造阶段和生命周期终结阶段,因为可以在这些阶段确定材料(提取阶段涉及资源,使用阶段涉及产品,例如建筑物)。所有经审查确定的工业规模的 CE 实践都在欧洲层面进行了量化。例如,EoL 钢筋的再利用率为 1-11%,再循环率为 70-95%;CEM I 的生产量最多可减少 60%;平板玻璃的再制造率为 26%,而 EoL 平板玻璃的再循环率不到 5%。闭环回收的一个主要障碍是需要分类和分离技术。在平板玻璃和玻璃棉价值链等工业规模上,可以发现开环回收的协同作用。建议对气候减缓模型进行扩充,以纳入这些需要在建筑使用和其他建筑材料价值链阶段之间建立明确联系的做法。
Mapping circular economy practices for steel, cement, glass, brick, insulation, and wood – A review for climate mitigation modeling
Circular economy (CE) practices pave the way for the construction sector to become less material- and carbon-intensive. However, for CE quantification by climate mitigation models, one must first identify the CE practices along a product (or material) value chain. In this review, CE practices are mapped for the value chain of 6 construction materials to understand how these practices influence and can be considered in climate mitigation modelling. The main sub-categories of steel, cement, glass, clay-brick, insulation materials, and wood were used to identify which Rs are currently addressed at the lab and industrial scales: refuse, reduce, rethink, repair, reuse, remanufacture, refurbish, repurpose, recycle, and recover. The CE practices were reviewed using scientific repositories and grey literature, validated by European-wide stakeholders, and mapped across the life-cycle stages of the six materials – extraction, manufacturing, use, and end-of-life (EoL). The mapping was limited to the manufacturing and EoL stages because materials could be identified at these stages (the extraction phase pertains to resources, and the use phase to a product, for example, buildings). All reviewed CE practices identified at the industrial scale were quantified at the European level. For example, EoL reinforcement steel is 1–11 % reused and 70–95 % recycled; manufacturing CEM I is up to 60 % reduced; remanufacturing flat glass is 26 % remanufactured while less than 5 % EoL flat glass is recycled. A major barrier to closed-loop recycling is the need for sorting and separation technologies. Open-loop recycling synergies are found at the industrial scale between, for example, flat glass and glass wool value chains. Climate mitigation models are proposed to be augmented to include these practices requiring an explicit link between building use and the other construction materials' value chain stages.
期刊介绍:
The mission of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is to disseminate the most compelling and pertinent critical insights in renewable and sustainable energy, fostering collaboration among the research community, private sector, and policy and decision makers. The journal aims to exchange challenges, solutions, innovative concepts, and technologies, contributing to sustainable development, the transition to a low-carbon future, and the attainment of emissions targets outlined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews publishes a diverse range of content, including review papers, original research, case studies, and analyses of new technologies, all featuring a substantial review component such as critique, comparison, or analysis. Introducing a distinctive paper type, Expert Insights, the journal presents commissioned mini-reviews authored by field leaders, addressing topics of significant interest. Case studies undergo consideration only if they showcase the work's applicability to other regions or contribute valuable insights to the broader field of renewable and sustainable energy. Notably, a bibliographic or literature review lacking critical analysis is deemed unsuitable for publication.