Unveiling soil microbial community dynamics in desertification: A case study from the tianshan mountains, xinjiang

Microorganisms constitute the primary ecological group in desertified soil, driving soil biogeochemical cycles. Understanding their structure and diversity is crucial for the ecological restoration of desertification areas. This study focuses on the typical desert slopes in the eastern section of the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, China. It investigates changes in the main prokaryotic microbial community structure, including bacteria and archaea, and their relationship with environmental factors. Results show generally low soil water content, increasing with depth, and a weak alkaline nature with no significant vertical variations. While microbial communities do not distinctly respond to soil water content, there are noticeable variations in microbial diversity with clear stratification, negatively correlated with total organic carbon. Molecular ecological network analyses of five bare soil profiles in Xinjiang’s Hami Tianshan Desert reveal positive interactions among soil microorganisms in vertical layers. Surprisingly, the topsoil, despite having complex networks, shows low diversity and weak interconnectivity. Intriguingly, subsurface soils exhibit distinct molecular ecological networks similar to those found in ecological transition zones (These zones are characterized by rapid environmental shifts from one type to another), further highlighting significant ecological disparities between surface and subsurface soils. By analyzing the structure of soil microbial communities and their relationship with environmental factors on typical desert slopes in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, significant microbial ecological differences are found between surface and subsurface soils. Notably, in subsurface soils, microbial networks similar to those in ecological transition zones are discovered. These areas have complex microbial community structures and diverse ecological functions, providing new insights into the mechanisms of ecological restoration in desertified soils. Consequently, this study suggests that the vertical distribution patterns of microbial communities in bare desert soil areas differ from those in vegetated areas such as forests and grasslands. The interactions among species, the unique distribution of soil organic matter, and various physical factors are likely pivotal in the distribution patterns of microbial communities in bare desert soils. This research provides foundational theories and empirical support for the ecological restoration of bare desert soils.