Experimental validation of the horizontal resolution improvement by ultra-wideband metasurfaces for GPR systems

Achieving high horizontal resolution is crucial for general non-destructive testing (NDT) applications, and in the domain of ground penetrating radar (GPR), it can be more challenging due to inefficient transmissions of electromagnetic waves into and through complex material under test (MUT). In this study, we showcase the validation results of our recently designed ultra-wideband metasurface (UWM) in improving the horizontal resolution for GPR B-Scan images. This UWM has an ultra-wide working frequency band (100%) from 1 to 3 GHz, in which high-frequency GPR signals can be enhanced and transmitted into MUT. Our fourteen-day consecutive GPR experiments demonstrate that two buried pipes with an edge-to-edge spacing of 8 cm that are hard to distinguish by traditional GPR surveys can be visually identified by depositing the UWM atop the MUT. The underlying mechanism is the sustained and improved transmission of high-frequency signals into the MUT, enabled by the removal of transmission coupling loss by the UWM at the air–MUT interface and the resulting enhanced transmission of more high-frequency components. Our simulations also provide quantitative analysis of such enhanced behavior with a nominal transmittance increase of 30% $\sim$50%. We believe the horizontal resolution improvement enabled by UWM will open a new corridor for high-resolution GPR system design.