Ndt & E International最新文献

Thermal damage detection in FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete structures using ultrasonic guided waves

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103329

Yuqiao Cao , Chang Jiang , Ching Tai Ng , Scott T. Smith

This paper presents a study on the application of guided waves for detecting early-stage thermal damage in concrete structures strengthened with externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite plates. A theoretical model is firstly introduced, which includes both linear and nonlinear elastic coefficients in order to describe the material properties and behaviour of FRP plates. Thermal damage in turn is simulated by increasing the nonlinear elastic coefficients while a nonlinear parameter is proposed to quantify the extent of thermal damage. A user-defined subroutine is then presented for a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model that has the capability to simulate wave propagation behaviour across various frequencies. Experimental investigations are then reported on a carbon FRP (CFRP)-strengthened concrete beam, where thermal damage is induced by heating a specific area of the CFRP surface using a radiant heater. The sensitivity of the proposed nonlinear parameter for detecting various levels of the thermal damage is experimentally demonstrated. The study validates and demonstrates the reliability and sensitivity of the nonlinear guided wave method for early-stage detection of thermal damage in FRP-strengthened concrete structures.

{"title":"Thermal damage detection in FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete structures using ultrasonic guided waves","authors":"Yuqiao Cao , Chang Jiang , Ching Tai Ng , Scott T. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a study on the application of guided waves for detecting early-stage thermal damage in concrete structures strengthened with externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite plates. A theoretical model is firstly introduced, which includes both linear and nonlinear elastic coefficients in order to describe the material properties and behaviour of FRP plates. Thermal damage in turn is simulated by increasing the nonlinear elastic coefficients while a nonlinear parameter is proposed to quantify the extent of thermal damage. A user-defined subroutine is then presented for a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model that has the capability to simulate wave propagation behaviour across various frequencies. Experimental investigations are then reported on a carbon FRP (CFRP)-strengthened concrete beam, where thermal damage is induced by heating a specific area of the CFRP surface using a radiant heater. The sensitivity of the proposed nonlinear parameter for detecting various levels of the thermal damage is experimentally demonstrated. The study validates and demonstrates the reliability and sensitivity of the nonlinear guided wave method for early-stage detection of thermal damage in FRP-strengthened concrete structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative evaluation of interfacial layer properties in bimetallic composite circular tubes using bounded ultrasonic beam scattering methodology

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103330

Jiangcheng Cai, Mingxi Deng

Bimetallic composite circular tubes are widely acknowledged as promising candidates for future applications in pipeline engineering, owing to their blend of high performance, lightweight properties, and cost-effectiveness. However, during the engineering application of bimetallic composite circular tubes, the interface state between the cladding and substrate tubes undergoes changes. This paper presents a novel ultrasonic detection methodology for quantitatively assessing interfacial layer mechanical properties in bimetallic composite circular tubes. Our approach unveils distinct scattering patterns displayed by a bounded ultrasonic beam when interacting with these composite tubes featuring interfaces. Through finite element simulations and experimental measurements, we illustrate that when the bounded ultrasonic beam impinges obliquely upon the composite tube at a specific critical angle, the sound pressure amplitude of the scattered field shows significant variations corresponding to different levels of mechanical properties of the adhesive layer. In contrast, minor changes are observed at non-critical incident angles. Our method demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in detecting the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer. Compared to conventional ultrasonic inspection techniques, our approach provides exceptional sensitivity and stability in quantitatively evaluating the changes of interfacial layer properties, thus representing a valuable addition to non-destructive testing methods for composite structures.

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of interfacial layer properties in bimetallic composite circular tubes using bounded ultrasonic beam scattering methodology","authors":"Jiangcheng Cai, Mingxi Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bimetallic composite circular tubes are widely acknowledged as promising candidates for future applications in pipeline engineering, owing to their blend of high performance, lightweight properties, and cost-effectiveness. However, during the engineering application of bimetallic composite circular tubes, the interface state between the cladding and substrate tubes undergoes changes. This paper presents a novel ultrasonic detection methodology for quantitatively assessing interfacial layer mechanical properties in bimetallic composite circular tubes. Our approach unveils distinct scattering patterns displayed by a bounded ultrasonic beam when interacting with these composite tubes featuring interfaces. Through finite element simulations and experimental measurements, we illustrate that when the bounded ultrasonic beam impinges obliquely upon the composite tube at a specific critical angle, the sound pressure amplitude of the scattered field shows significant variations corresponding to different levels of mechanical properties of the adhesive layer. In contrast, minor changes are observed at non-critical incident angles. Our method demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in detecting the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer. Compared to conventional ultrasonic inspection techniques, our approach provides exceptional sensitivity and stability in quantitatively evaluating the changes of interfacial layer properties, thus representing a valuable addition to non-destructive testing methods for composite structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue life prediction for CFRP laminates using multi-mode Lamb wave velocity and Bayesian model selection

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103326

Lingyao Cen, Chongcong Tao, Chao Zhang, Hongli Ji, Jinhao Qiu

This paper proposed a new approach for fatigue life prediction of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates using Bayesian model selection and multi-mode Lamb wave velocity. It is aimed to overcome the difficulties of large dispersity observed when testing of the material, caused by both complex damage mechanisms and fluctuation of data measurement due to the high damping property of CFRP. Specifically, both S₀ and A₀ mode Lamb wave velocities were recorded during a controlled tensile fatigue experiment under various load severities. Considering the possible underlying damage mechanisms, two stiffness degradation models are employed to describe the evolution trend of the collected velocity data of the two modes, respectively, forming effectively four sub models. Then Bayesian evidence is calculated by nested sampling (NS) algorithm to evaluate the strength of each sub model, the sub model with the strongest evidence is selected, the significance of which against other unselected sub models is also evaluated by Jeffrey's scale. Based on this, the fatigue life is predicted using the selected sub model, which shows good accuracy and consistency, and the effectiveness of model selection with multi-mode Lamb wave velocity is validated through a comparison between the results. Finally, a ‘most conservative’ strategy is also tested and compared for the safety requirement in practical application.

{"title":"Fatigue life prediction for CFRP laminates using multi-mode Lamb wave velocity and Bayesian model selection","authors":"Lingyao Cen, Chongcong Tao, Chao Zhang, Hongli Ji, Jinhao Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposed a new approach for fatigue life prediction of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates using Bayesian model selection and multi-mode Lamb wave velocity. It is aimed to overcome the difficulties of large dispersity observed when testing of the material, caused by both complex damage mechanisms and fluctuation of data measurement due to the high damping property of CFRP. Specifically, both S<sub>0</sub> and A<sub>0</sub> mode Lamb wave velocities were recorded during a controlled tensile fatigue experiment under various load severities. Considering the possible underlying damage mechanisms, two stiffness degradation models are employed to describe the evolution trend of the collected velocity data of the two modes, respectively, forming effectively four sub models. Then Bayesian evidence is calculated by nested sampling (NS) algorithm to evaluate the strength of each sub model, the sub model with the strongest evidence is selected, the significance of which against other unselected sub models is also evaluated by Jeffrey's scale. Based on this, the fatigue life is predicted using the selected sub model, which shows good accuracy and consistency, and the effectiveness of model selection with multi-mode Lamb wave velocity is validated through a comparison between the results. Finally, a ‘most conservative’ strategy is also tested and compared for the safety requirement in practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rail crack size measurement based on magneto-optical imaging in multi-layer lift-off

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103323

Junwei He , Guili Xu , Junpu Wang , Fuju Yan , Jiuhao Ge , Zhenyuan Xiao

In the current method of crack size measurement using magnetic flux leakage detection technology, it is difficult to quantitatively analyze the detected magnetic flux leakage data due to the unstable character of the sensor lift-off position. To solve this problem, based on the forward inference of the leakage magnetic field of crack, a method of magnetic field acquisition in multi-layer lift-Off is proposed, and a magneto-optical imaging detection system is designed and built, so as to achieve high-precision measurement of rail crack parameters. Firstly, in the forward analysis, by borrowing the classical magnetic dipole theory, the relationship between the crack parameters and the peak value of the magnetic leakage field as well as its position is analyzed. Secondly, a magneto-optical image acquisition system with a lift-off interval of 10

μ m

is designed, which can effectively remove the influence of the light source system and magnetic domains on the imaging quality. Finally, a rail with standard processed 0.4 mm wide cracks is selected as experimental objects for crack measurement experiments. The crack width is obtained by fitting the peak gray value position curve under different lift-off, and the measurement accuracy reaches 25

μ m

, and the relative measurement error is found to be less than 7.5% in the comparison of several data sets. At the same time, in many groups of different crack depth measurement experiments, it is found that the measurement accuracy of crack depth measurement using the peak gray value is 0.5 mm.

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of selection matrix capture for micro defects laser ultrasound imaging using multi-parameter genetic algorithm

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103325

Long Chen , Zenghua Liu , Zhenhe Tang , Jian Duan , Yanping Zhu , Zongjian Zhang , Xiaoyu Liu , Cunfu He

Ultrasonic testing plays a crucial role in detecting early structural damage and identifying micro-defects, particularly in processes like additive manufacturing and welding. The full matrix capture (FMC) method, leveraging laser ultrasound technology, excels in imaging sub-millimeter micro defects. However, its extensive data acquisition time hinders real-time imaging. To address this, a selection matrix capture approach is adopted to reduce data collection and enhance detection speed. Specifically, a multi-parameter genetic algorithm (MPGA) is proposed to optimize sparse array layouts. This optimization is based on theoretical detection sensitivity means and standard deviations, evaluating array layout quality. The imaging method combined multi-scale principal component analysis with phase weighting techniques. Experiments on sub-millimeter defects, including side drilling holes (SDH), blind holes (BH), and spherical holes (SH), were conducted. Results showed that, compared to random and uniform sparsity, the genetic algorithm optimized sparse array provided superior imaging as sparsity decreased. Effective defect detection was achieved with only 5 %–20 % of full matrix data.

{"title":"Optimization of selection matrix capture for micro defects laser ultrasound imaging using multi-parameter genetic algorithm","authors":"Long Chen , Zenghua Liu , Zhenhe Tang , Jian Duan , Yanping Zhu , Zongjian Zhang , Xiaoyu Liu , Cunfu He","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic testing plays a crucial role in detecting early structural damage and identifying micro-defects, particularly in processes like additive manufacturing and welding. The full matrix capture (FMC) method, leveraging laser ultrasound technology, excels in imaging sub-millimeter micro defects. However, its extensive data acquisition time hinders real-time imaging. To address this, a selection matrix capture approach is adopted to reduce data collection and enhance detection speed. Specifically, a multi-parameter genetic algorithm (MPGA) is proposed to optimize sparse array layouts. This optimization is based on theoretical detection sensitivity means and standard deviations, evaluating array layout quality. The imaging method combined multi-scale principal component analysis with phase weighting techniques. Experiments on sub-millimeter defects, including side drilling holes (SDH), blind holes (BH), and spherical holes (SH), were conducted. Results showed that, compared to random and uniform sparsity, the genetic algorithm optimized sparse array provided superior imaging as sparsity decreased. Effective defect detection was achieved with only 5 %–20 % of full matrix data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of ultrasonic tomography in concrete using non-linear paths through bio-inspired algorithms

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103324

Vinícius Moura Giglio, Vladimir Guilherme Haach

This paper aims to challenge the conventional approach of ultrasonic computerized tomography in concrete structures by using bio-inspired algorithms (genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization) to determine non-linear wave paths for generating tomographic images. Numerical UPV tests were conducted in two phases followed by an experimental validation. Initially, all algorithms were used to determine the shortest paths of ultrasonic waves, considering a known velocity map in a continuous medium. The time of flight (TOF) and wave trajectories were analyzed by adjusting the parameters of the bio-inspired algorithms. In the subsequent phase, the algorithms were evaluated for their efficiency in generating tomographic images of concrete cross sections through an iterative path update process. An experimental specimen was constructed, and ultrasonic tests were conducted to validate the proposed approach. The results demonstrated that all evaluated methods could determine paths that were faster than a straight line. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to generate improved images with enhanced precision regarding particle size and location. This conclusion highlights the potential of using bio-inspired algorithms as a promising alternative for optimizing ultrasonic wave paths and enhancing the accuracy of tomographic imaging.

{"title":"Optimization of ultrasonic tomography in concrete using non-linear paths through bio-inspired algorithms","authors":"Vinícius Moura Giglio, Vladimir Guilherme Haach","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to challenge the conventional approach of ultrasonic computerized tomography in concrete structures by using bio-inspired algorithms (genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization) to determine non-linear wave paths for generating tomographic images. Numerical UPV tests were conducted in two phases followed by an experimental validation. Initially, all algorithms were used to determine the shortest paths of ultrasonic waves, considering a known velocity map in a continuous medium. The time of flight (TOF) and wave trajectories were analyzed by adjusting the parameters of the bio-inspired algorithms. In the subsequent phase, the algorithms were evaluated for their efficiency in generating tomographic images of concrete cross sections through an iterative path update process. An experimental specimen was constructed, and ultrasonic tests were conducted to validate the proposed approach. The results demonstrated that all evaluated methods could determine paths that were faster than a straight line. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to generate improved images with enhanced precision regarding particle size and location. This conclusion highlights the potential of using bio-inspired algorithms as a promising alternative for optimizing ultrasonic wave paths and enhancing the accuracy of tomographic imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-line detection of pouch foil damage in batteries during manufacturing using lamb waves

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103322

Patrick Swaschnig , Johannes Kofler , Reinhard Klambauer , Alexander Bergmann

This study presents a novel approach to detect damaged pouch foils in lithium-ion batteries by analyzing changes in their mechanical properties using Lamb waves. A contactless measurement system combining an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a laser vibrometer was developed and tested during the back-end production process of batteries. Three data analysis methods – signal amplitude difference, time-of-flight (ToF) analysis, and root mean square error (RMSE) analysis – were evaluated. Proof-of-principle measurements showed that all three methods effectively detected damage in the absence of the back-end process, confirming that pouch foil damage changes the mechanical properties and thus the propagation of Lamb waves in a battery. This approach integrated into the production line could significantly improve the safety, reliability, and performance of lithium-ion batteries through real-time monitoring and quality control. Since the measurement system is contactless, it represents a practical and non-invasive solution for different stages of battery production.

{"title":"In-line detection of pouch foil damage in batteries during manufacturing using lamb waves","authors":"Patrick Swaschnig , Johannes Kofler , Reinhard Klambauer , Alexander Bergmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach to detect damaged pouch foils in lithium-ion batteries by analyzing changes in their mechanical properties using Lamb waves. A contactless measurement system combining an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a laser vibrometer was developed and tested during the back-end production process of batteries. Three data analysis methods – signal amplitude difference, time-of-flight (ToF) analysis, and root mean square error (RMSE) analysis – were evaluated. Proof-of-principle measurements showed that all three methods effectively detected damage in the absence of the back-end process, confirming that pouch foil damage changes the mechanical properties and thus the propagation of Lamb waves in a battery. This approach integrated into the production line could significantly improve the safety, reliability, and performance of lithium-ion batteries through real-time monitoring and quality control. Since the measurement system is contactless, it represents a practical and non-invasive solution for different stages of battery production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualization of hidden cracks under corrosion layer in steel structures via eddy current pulsed thermography: Simulation and experiment

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103321

Jing Xie , Lina Chen , Yage Han , Weiping Huang , Guozhen Li , Changhang Xu

Cracks in steel structures are usually covered by corrosion material and become a hidden hazard to the safety of the structures. It is significantly hard to detect this kind of hidden cracks because of the serious interference form the corrosion layer. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) in visualizing such hidden cracks and to conduct an in-depth investigation into the inspection mechanism. A simulation model is constructed to analyze electromagnetic and thermal response in the inspected object, which helps to determine the specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks and to clarify the inspection mechanism. Experiments were implemented to verify the effectiveness of ECPT and to confirm thermal features caused by hidden cracks at the inspected surface. Simulation and experimental results show that specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks provide a means of recognizing the hidden cracks from the inspection results. Experimental results also verify that ECPT presents good applicability for specimens with various corrosion severity and for cracks with various orientations. Without need of additional preprocessing of the corroded surface, this work provides a non-contact, instant and intuitive way to visualize the hidden cracks covered by corrosion in steel structures.

{"title":"Visualization of hidden cracks under corrosion layer in steel structures via eddy current pulsed thermography: Simulation and experiment","authors":"Jing Xie , Lina Chen , Yage Han , Weiping Huang , Guozhen Li , Changhang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cracks in steel structures are usually covered by corrosion material and become a hidden hazard to the safety of the structures. It is significantly hard to detect this kind of hidden cracks because of the serious interference form the corrosion layer. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) in visualizing such hidden cracks and to conduct an in-depth investigation into the inspection mechanism. A simulation model is constructed to analyze electromagnetic and thermal response in the inspected object, which helps to determine the specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks and to clarify the inspection mechanism. Experiments were implemented to verify the effectiveness of ECPT and to confirm thermal features caused by hidden cracks at the inspected surface. Simulation and experimental results show that specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks provide a means of recognizing the hidden cracks from the inspection results. Experimental results also verify that ECPT presents good applicability for specimens with various corrosion severity and for cracks with various orientations. Without need of additional preprocessing of the corroded surface, this work provides a non-contact, instant and intuitive way to visualize the hidden cracks covered by corrosion in steel structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of heat-treated INCONEL alloy 690 using third-order ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter measured by the pulse-echo method

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103320

Sung-Jun Bang , Dong-Gi Song , Kyung-Young Jhang

The ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter has been demonstrated in numerous studies to be an effective indicator of material degradation. In most such studies, the second-order nonlinearity parameter, defined using the second harmonic component generated during the ultrasonic propagation, is measured via the through-transmission method. However, the pulse-echo method is highly advantageous in field applications. Unfortunately, the second harmonic component is difficult to receive using the pulse-echo method due to the phase inversion effect. To address this difficulty, we measure the third-order nonlinearity parameter, defined using the third harmonic component that is free from phase inversion, using the pulse-echo method to assess heat-treated INCONEL alloy 690. For experimental verification, INCONEL alloy 690 specimens were prepared with up to 200 h of heat treatment at 700 °C. For comparison, the second-order nonlinearity parameter was measured via the through-transmission method. Additionally, the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient, which are linear parameters, were also measured to compare their change rates with those of the nonlinear parameters. Subsequently, the tensile and yield strengths were obtained through the destructive tensile test, and the results were correlated with the measured parameters. Our results indicate that the third-order nonlinearity parameter showed the strongest correlation to the measured strengths. The second-order nonlinearity parameter showed the same trend as that of the third-order nonlinearity parameter but with lower change rate and the attenuation coefficient showed a tendency, but the change rate was greatly reduced. The ultrasonic velocity showed almost no change. These results show that the third-order nonlinearity parameter is an effective indicator of thermal aging of INCONEL alloy 690 material, and this methodology is expected to be highly applicable to field applications.

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引用次数: 0

A plane stress measurement method for CFRP material based on array LCR waves

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103318

Lianwei Sun , Weijia Shi , Xinqi Tian , Jiaxin Li , Bo Zhao , Shaokai Wang , Jiubin Tan

Accurate non-destructive characterization of the stress state of CFRP is crucial for evaluating material performance and guaranteeing structural safety. A method for characterizing plane stress in CFRP using arrayed LCR waves is proposed in this study. Considering the impact of CFRP anisotropy on ultrasonic wave propagation, a linear relationship between stress variations and acoustic time changes in anisotropic materials is determined based on the acoustic elastic effect. A measurement model for plane stress of CFRP is developed, and the magnitude and orientation of the principal stresses in the plane were calculated using the acoustic time characteristics of echo signals in three detection directions. Accurate extraction of the acoustic time of the echo signal is the key to stress measurement. A novel acoustic time extraction algorithm that integrates the Gaussian empirical model with the Gabor transform domain is proposed to address the challenges posed by noise and aliasing distortion in echo signals. The problem of parameter estimation and noise reduction in echo signals is transformed into a function optimization problem. The acoustic time and center frequency of the echo signal are then estimated using the best similarity model. Gaussian white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1 dB is introduced to the echo signal, followed by processing using the proposed algorithm. The relative error in acoustic time extraction is found to be less than 0.32 %. Then, the CFRP sample undergo the stress coefficient calibration experiment. Following the pre-calibrated stress coefficient, uniaxial tensile tests were performed on the identical batch of CFRP samples. The experimental results show that in the range of 0–160 MPa, the measurement errors for stress and angle are less than 8.96 MPa and 6.87°, respectively. And the standard deviations for stress and angle repeatability measurements are less than 4.95 MPa and 2.99°, respectively. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method in this study offers a viable technology for measuring plane stress in large components with orthotropic anisotropy.

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引用次数: 0