Ndt & E International最新文献

Optimising full waveform inversion with inhomogeneous transducers: Parameters and considerations for successful implementation 利用非均质传感器优化全波形反演：成功实施的参数和注意事项

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103265

Carlos-Omar Rasgado-Moreno , Panpan Xu , Marek Rist , Madis Ratassepp

Guided wave tomography (GWT) based full waveform inversion (FWI) is an emerging technique for structural health monitoring applications, primarily for plates and pipeline structures. Generally, FWI employs a two-dimensional (2-D) forward model to circumvent the high computational cost associated with the inversion scheme. Consequently, a re-scaling step is implemented to compensate for any potential discrepancies between the 2-D model and the observed data. Druet et al., (2019) introduced the autocalibration method, which utilises the information from the healthy rays to calibrate those rays that pass through the defect. In this method, only the phase information is re-scaled, given that phase information is the dominant factor in FWI. However, overlooking amplitude discrepancies might lead the inversion scheme to become trapped in a local minimum. In this study, we propose to include the amplitude information as well, following the autocalibration method. We use an updated autocalibration method to reconstruct a 100 mm wide defect on an 8 mm thick steel straight pipe with traditional GWT using the

A_{0}

mode. This novel approach provides a more accurate representation of the defect and avoids becoming trapped in a local minimum, thereby improving the reliability and effectiveness of FWI. Furthermore, we offer guidance for the successful implementation of this method in the presence of inhomogeneous transducers, a common challenge in practical applications.

基于导波层析成像（GWT）的全波形反演（FWI）是一种新兴的结构健康监测应用技术，主要用于板材和管道结构。一般来说，全波形反演采用二维（2-D）前向模型，以规避与反演方案相关的高计算成本。因此，需要执行重新缩放步骤，以补偿二维模型与观测数据之间的任何潜在差异。Druet 等人（2019 年）引入了自动校准方法，利用健康射线的信息来校准穿过缺陷的射线。在这种方法中，考虑到相位信息是 FWI 的主要因素，因此只对相位信息进行了重新标定。然而，忽略振幅差异可能会导致反演方案陷入局部最小值。在本研究中，我们建议按照自动校准方法，将振幅信息也包括在内。我们使用更新的自动校准方法，用传统的 A0 模式 GWT 在 8 毫米厚的钢直管上重建 100 毫米宽的缺陷。这种新方法能更准确地表示缺陷，避免陷入局部最小值，从而提高 FWI 的可靠性和有效性。此外，我们还为在存在不均匀传感器的情况下成功实施这种方法提供了指导，这在实际应用中是一个常见的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

A simplified procedure for evaluation of damage-depth in concrete exposed to high temperature using the impact-echo method 利用冲击回波法评估暴露于高温下的混凝土的破坏深度的简化程序

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103270

Hsuan-Chih Yang , Yiching Lin

Concrete is widely recognized as a material capable of withstanding the intrusion of high temperatures during fires. However, under different high-temperature conditions, concrete can still experience strength reduction, cracking, or spalling, which can significantly impact the safety and durability of concrete structures. Conventionally, the wave refraction technique was used to detect the depth of this damage layer. However, the wave refraction technique is a time-consuming point-by-point detection method. In order to increase detection efficiency, this paper proposes a simplified method based on a single-point test. Numerical analysis of the thermal conduction of a concrete slab exposed to elevated temperature was performed first to investigate the temperature distribution within the concrete slab. Subsequently, the wave refraction technique was numerically simulated to evaluate the damage depth of the concrete slab. According to the refracted wave propagation path, a simplified procedure is proposed for the detection of the damage depth of concrete under high temperature. In the simplified procedure, a receiver is placed at an adequate distance from the impact source so that the first arrival wave at the receiver will be a wave refracted from the interface between the damaged layer and the sound layer inside the concrete. To verify the applicability of the proposed simplified procedure, concrete slab specimens subjected to an elevated temperature of 600 °C were tested in this study. The experimental results indicate that the simplified method proposed in this paper can indeed be used to detect the depth of high-temperature damage in concrete. In addition, the experimental results show that under the same high-temperature exposure conditions, the depth of fire damage increases with a decrease in the water-cement ratio. This can be attributed to the higher thermal conductivity coefficient of concrete with a lower water-cement ratio.

混凝土被公认为是一种能够在火灾中抵御高温侵袭的材料。然而，在不同的高温条件下，混凝土仍会出现强度降低、开裂或剥落等现象，从而严重影响混凝土结构的安全性和耐久性。传统上，人们使用波折射技术来检测这种损伤层的深度。然而，波折射技术是一种耗时的逐点检测方法。为了提高检测效率，本文提出了一种基于单点检测的简化方法。首先对暴露在高温下的混凝土板的热传导进行了数值分析，以研究混凝土板内的温度分布。随后，对波折射技术进行数值模拟，以评估混凝土板的损坏深度。根据折射波的传播路径，提出了检测高温下混凝土破坏深度的简化程序。在简化程序中，接收器与冲击源保持足够的距离，这样第一个到达接收器的波将是从受损层和混凝土内部声层之间的界面折射出来的波。为了验证所建议的简化程序的适用性，本研究对承受 600 °C 高温的混凝土板试件进行了测试。实验结果表明，本文提出的简化方法确实可用于检测混凝土的高温损伤深度。此外，实验结果表明，在相同的高温暴露条件下，火灾破坏深度随着水灰比的降低而增加。这可归因于水灰比较低的混凝土导热系数较高。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of heat-treated bearing rings via measurement of electromagnetic properties for pulsed eddy current evaluation 通过测量脉冲涡流评估的电磁特性表征热处理轴承套圈

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103268

Jingwei Sha , Hong Zhang , Mengbao Fan , Binghua Cao , Fengshan Sun

Nondestructive evaluation of heat-treated bearing rings is a critical technique for quality control in industries. However, there are few reports addressing the complex mapping between hardness and electromagnetic properties due to the intricate changes in the microstructure. This paper proposes a dual-method approach, combining magnetic saturation eddy current techniques and Barkhausen noise reconstruction hysteresis loop techniques, to independently establish the relationship between hardness and electromagnetic properties. The results show that the electrical properties of unqualified specimens are significantly higher than those of other specimens, with qualified specimens have slightly higher properties than untreated ones. Additionally, an inverse relationship between hardness and magnetic properties is observed. Based on the obtained electromagnetic parameters, a pulsed eddy current hardness detection simulation model is established, which has the potential to improve purely data-driven methods for hardness detection in deep learning.

热处理轴承套圈的无损评估是工业质量控制的一项关键技术。然而，由于微观结构的复杂变化，硬度与电磁特性之间的复杂映射关系鲜有报道。本文提出了一种结合磁饱和涡流技术和巴克豪森噪声重构磁滞回线技术的双方法，以独立建立硬度和电磁特性之间的关系。结果表明，不合格试样的电特性明显高于其他试样，而合格试样的电特性略高于未处理试样。此外，硬度与磁性能之间存在反比关系。根据获得的电磁参数，建立了脉冲涡流硬度检测仿真模型，该模型有望改进深度学习中纯数据驱动的硬度检测方法。

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引用次数: 0

A novel damage localization method of Circular Phased Array using Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Beamforming with Autocorrelation Matrix Diagonal Loading 利用自相关矩阵对角线加载的最小方差无失真响应波束成形的新型圆形相控阵损伤定位方法

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103267

Yonghui An , Shilong Ni , Ranting Cui , Jinping Ou

Damage localization methods based on Acoustic Emission (AE) can be classified into time-based and waveform-based. However, the former requires a large number of sensors while the latter is limited to 2D plane localization. In order to address the challenge of achieving more accurate 3D localization using a reduced number of sensors, this paper proposes a Circular Phased Array using Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) Beamforming with Autocorrelation Matrix Diagonal Loading (AMDL) method. Firstly, a sparse circular array is utilized to form multiple beamforming for coherent shear wave signals, decomposing the original 3D localization problem into Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation. Secondly, azimuth angle, elevation angle and autocorrelation matrix diagonal loading methods are introduced, working in conjunction with the MVDR beamforming algorithm. Finally, spatial integration is performed through matrix decomposition to solve geometric overdetermined equations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through numerical simulations and experimental verifications under various damage conditions. Results indicate that estimation errors for azimuth and elevation angles are both less than 2 %, while 3D damage source localization errors remain within a range of less than 3 %. This proposed method extends beamforming technology from 2D plane localization to 3D localization, significantly reducing the complexity of sensor arrangement and lowering the cost of structural health monitoring systems by utilizing a small number of sensors.

基于声发射（AE）的损伤定位方法可分为基于时间的方法和基于波形的方法。然而，前者需要大量传感器，而后者仅限于二维平面定位。为了解决用更少的传感器数量实现更精确的三维定位这一难题，本文提出了一种使用自相关矩阵对角加载（AMDL）方法的最小方差无失真响应（MVDR）波束成形的圆形相控阵。首先，利用稀疏圆形阵列形成相干剪切波信号的多重波束成形，将原来的三维定位问题分解为到达方向（DOA）估计。其次，引入方位角、仰角和自相关矩阵对角加载方法，与 MVDR 波束成形算法结合使用。最后，通过矩阵分解进行空间整合，以求解几何超定方程。在各种损坏条件下，通过数值模拟和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明，方位角和仰角的估计误差均小于 2%，而三维损伤源定位误差保持在小于 3% 的范围内。该方法将波束成形技术从二维平面定位扩展到三维定位，大大降低了传感器布置的复杂性，并通过利用少量传感器降低了结构健康监测系统的成本。

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引用次数: 0

Novel fast full-wavefield modeling of air-coupled surface waves and its implications for non-contact pavement testing 空气耦合表面波的新型快速全波场建模及其对非接触式路面测试的影响

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103266

Quoc Kinh Tran , Chih-Ping Lin , Ernian Pan , Tsai-Jung Wu , Yin-Ming Po

We present a novel approach for deriving and modeling air-coupled surface waves with applications in non-contact non-destructive testing (NDT). It is based on the fast Fourier-Bessel series system in conjunction with the unconditionally stable dual-variable and position matrix method. Parametric studies, including sensitivity analysis, are conducted to assess the feasibility of using non-contact air-coupled measurements for pavement testing, focusing on Green's functions, time-domain waveforms, and experimental frequency-velocity spectra (FVS, i.e., the estimated Green's functions from acquired truncated wavefield). The predicted experimental FVS presented in this study are synthetic dispersion images, which are distinguished from the measured experimental FVS (i.e., measured dispersion images from multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) test). With the derived complete solution of air-coupled dynamic responses, we find that: (1) Striking similarities between the theoretical Green's functions of vertical displacement (on the pavement surface) and pressure (in the air), as well as in their corresponding experimental FVS. (2) The proposed accurate and efficient full-wave modeling of air-coupled surface waves avoids the need for good contact between geophones/accelerometers and pavement surface. This facilitates direct inversion of shear wave velocity profiles by fitting the predicted experimental FVS to the measured one. (3) Sensitivity analysis demonstrates no significant loss of information in the pressure measured in the air, supporting the feasibility of using non-contact measurement for non-destructive testing. These results suggest that non-contact air-coupled measurements hold great promise as a viable alternative to contact measurements in non-destructive testing.

我们提出了一种用于非接触无损检测（NDT）的空气耦合表面波推导和建模的新方法。该方法基于快速傅立叶-贝塞尔级数系统以及无条件稳定的双变量和位置矩阵法。对参数进行了研究，包括灵敏度分析，以评估将非接触式空气耦合测量用于路面测试的可行性，重点关注格林函数、时域波形和实验频率-速度谱（FVS，即从获取的截断波场中估算出的格林函数）。本研究中展示的实验频速谱是合成频散图像，与实测实验频速谱（即多通道面波分析（MASW）测试的实测频散图像）有所区别。通过对空气耦合动态响应的完整求解，我们发现(1) 垂直位移（路面表面）和压力（空气中）的理论格林函数及其相应的实验 FVS 具有惊人的相似性。 (2) 所提出的精确、高效的空气耦合面波全波建模避免了检波器/加速度计与路面表面之间的良好接触。这有助于通过将预测的实验 FVS 与测量的 FVS 进行拟合，直接反演剪切波速度剖面。(3) 敏感性分析表明，空气中测得的压力信息没有明显损失，这支持了使用非接触式测量进行无损检测的可行性。这些结果表明，非接触式空气耦合测量有望成为无损检测中接触式测量的可行替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Image enhancement methods for inspection of planar and non-planar FRP structures using a noise-based microwave NDT inspection system 使用基于噪声的微波无损检测系统检测平面和非平面玻璃钢结构的图像增强方法

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103264

Marc D. Navagato, Ram M. Narayanan

Microwave nondestructive testing (MNDT) includes inspection techniques that assess a particular material’s health status using low-power and contactless inspection systems. In near-field microwave inspections, imaging results are heavily influenced by the standoff distance parameter, i.e., the physical separation between the microwave sensor and the sample under test (SUT). Variations in the standoff distance during an inspection tend to cause defect masking of disbonds and delaminations in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials, causing defects to go undetected frequently. An MNDT near-field inspection system using noise waveforms is used to identify engineered internal defects within carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) samples. Tactics utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Stacked Sparse Autoencoders (SSAEs), and an autoencoder network trained in a manner for anomaly detection are used to minimize the effects of standoff distance, reduce defect masking, and increase the ability to identify hidden defects. The samples tested are constructed to possess planar and non-planar geometries, such that the viability of the data-driven image enhancement and standoff distance correction methods are demonstrated with respect to a wide variety of in situ inspection applications.

微波无损检测（MNDT）包括使用低功耗和非接触式检测系统评估特定材料健康状况的检测技术。在近场微波检测中，成像结果在很大程度上受间距参数的影响，即微波传感器与被测样品（SUT）之间的物理间隔。在检测过程中，间距的变化往往会导致纤维增强聚合物 (FRP) 材料中的脱键和分层缺陷被掩盖，从而导致缺陷经常被检测不到。使用噪声波形的 MNDT 近场检测系统可识别碳纤维增强聚合物 (CFRP) 样品中的工程内部缺陷。利用主成分分析 (PCA)、堆叠稀疏自动编码器 (SSAE) 和以异常检测方式训练的自动编码器网络等策略，最大限度地减少了间距的影响，减少了缺陷掩蔽，提高了识别隐藏缺陷的能力。所测试的样品具有平面和非平面几何形状，从而证明了数据驱动的图像增强和间距校正方法在各种现场检测应用中的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Translation of MFL and UT data by using generative adversarial networks: A comparative study 使用生成式对抗网络翻译 MFL 和 UT 数据：比较研究

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103246

Jiatong Ling , Xiang Peng , Matthias Peussner , Kevin Siggers , Zheng Liu

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasonic testing (UT) are widely used in-line inspection technologies to detect corrosion defects along pipelines. The integration of MFL and UT data has the potential to provide complementary insights that facilitate a comprehensive assessment of pipeline integrity. However, due to the inherent dissimilarity with their underlying physical principles, these techniques yield notable disparities in signal characteristics, posing challenges in integrating these multimodal data. This study aims to establish a translation mapping between MFL and UT signals to achieve consistent physical interpretations across the two modalities. Thus, this study explored the feasibility of generative adversarial network (GAN) based models encompassing both supervised and unsupervised translation approaches contingent on the availability of aligned data. Furthermore, two translation modes, MFL-UT and UT-MFL, were analyzed separately to understand the effectiveness of the translation direction. The experimental results demonstrate satisfactory performance for both aligned and unaligned data translation, with the UT-MFL translation direction yielding superior results. Overall, the translation approaches pave the way for future applications, especially in subsequent data analysis tasks such as registration, comparison, and fusion of multimodal data.

磁通量泄漏（MFL）和超声波测试（UT）是广泛使用的在线检测技术，用于检测管道的腐蚀缺陷。磁通量泄漏和超声波检测数据的整合有可能提供互补的见解，从而促进对管道完整性的全面评估。然而，由于其基本物理原理存在固有的差异，这些技术产生的信号特征存在明显的差异，这给整合这些多模态数据带来了挑战。本研究旨在建立 MFL 和 UT 信号之间的转换映射，以实现两种模式之间一致的物理解释。因此，本研究探索了基于生成对抗网络（GAN）的模型的可行性，该模型包含监督和非监督翻译方法，取决于是否有对齐的数据。此外，还分别分析了 MFL-UT 和 UT-MFL 两种翻译模式，以了解翻译方向的有效性。实验结果表明，对齐和非对齐数据翻译的性能都令人满意，UT-MFL 翻译方向的结果更优。总之，这些平移方法为未来的应用，尤其是后续的数据分析任务（如多模态数据的注册、比较和融合）铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a flexible phased array electromagnetic acoustic testing system with array pickups 开发带阵列拾波器的柔性相控阵电磁声学测试系统

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103263

Jie Deng, Yuange Zhang, Yinqiang Qu, Cuixiang Pei, Tianhao Liu, Zhenmao Chen

The thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used to protect blades of heavy-duty gas turbines is prone to debonding defects during fabrication and service. It is difficult to detect the debonding defects in the TBC system non-destructively and in situ due to the curved shape of blade and the narrow space between the blades setting in the gas turbine. In this paper, a flexible phased array electromagnetic acoustic (FPA-EMA) testing system with array pickups is developed, which is capable to drive a flexible phased array electromagnetic acoustic transducer (FPA-EMAT) to generate and receive ultrasonic wave directly in the metallic substrate of TBCs, and is potential to be applied to the inspection of debonding defects in the TBC system of gas turbine blades. A phased array excitation unit, a multi-channel signal receiving unit and a new signal post-processing algorithm are developed for the new EMA testing system to enhance the surface acoustic wave in the layered structure and to improve the low conversion efficiency of the conventional EMA testing system. In addition, a bias magnetic field coil fed with long pulse current of large amplitude is adopted to make the new EMAT thin and flexible in order to be applied in a narrow space. The interfering noise and geometric size problems brought by the multiple excitation and pickup channels are well addressed in the new system. The good performances of the developed FPA-EMA testing system were verified experimentally and show the system of good potential to be applied to NDT of practical curved structures.

用于保护重型燃气轮机叶片的隔热涂层（TBC）在制造和使用过程中容易出现脱粘缺陷。由于燃气轮机叶片的弯曲形状和叶片之间的狭窄空间，很难对 TBC 系统的脱粘缺陷进行非破坏性的现场检测。本文开发了一种带阵列拾波器的柔性相控阵电磁声学（FPA-EMA）测试系统，该系统能够驱动柔性相控阵电磁声学换能器（FPA-EMAT）直接在 TBC 的金属基体上产生和接收超声波，有望应用于燃气轮机叶片 TBC 系统脱粘缺陷的检测。新型 EMA 检测系统采用相控阵激励单元、多通道信号接收单元和新型信号后处理算法，以增强分层结构中的表面声波，改善传统 EMA 检测系统转换效率低的问题。此外，还采用了馈入大振幅长脉冲电流的偏置磁场线圈，使新型电磁超声测试系统变得轻薄灵活，以便在狭窄空间中应用。新系统很好地解决了多激励和拾波通道带来的干扰噪声和几何尺寸问题。实验验证了所开发的 FPA-EMA 测试系统的良好性能，并表明该系统具有应用于实际曲面结构无损检测的良好潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A Mobius transformation-based liftoff effect reduction method for crack classification and prediction in eddy current testing 基于莫比乌斯变换的升力效应减弱法，用于涡流测试中的裂纹分类和预测

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103261

Yu Li , Zihan Xia , Saibo She , Yuchun Shao , Yinchao Yang , Wuliang Yin

In eddy current (EC) defect evaluation, accurate determination of the crack depth is crucial. The lift-off signal on the complex impedance plane is not necessarily horizontal and mostly arc-shaped, which makes it difficult to separate from crack signals, which can have various orientations depending on probe characteristics and frequencies. Phase rotation is normally used to align the lift-off signal to the real axis and defect signal is read from the imaginary axis. However, this approach proves challenging to separate lift-off and defect signals within the complex plane in many cases.

To address this issue, this study proposes and implements a Mobius transformation that linearizes the arc-shaped lift-off signals on the complex plane, enabling more accurate extraction of crack signals unaffected by lift-off signal height. Furthermore, it is demonstrated through k-nearest neighbors (kNN) that the transformed crack signals can still be effectively quantified.

在电涡流（EC）缺陷评估中，准确确定裂纹深度至关重要。复阻抗平面上的离析信号不一定是水平的，大多呈弧形，因此很难将其与裂纹信号区分开来，而裂纹信号可能因探头特性和频率的不同而有不同的方向。通常采用相位旋转的方法将离析信号对准实轴，然后从虚轴读取缺陷信号。为解决这一问题，本研究提出并实施了一种莫比乌斯变换（Mobius transformation），该变换可在复平面上对弧形离析信号进行线性化处理，从而更准确地提取不受离析信号高度影响的裂纹信号。此外，通过 k-nearest neighbors (kNN) 方法证明，变换后的裂纹信号仍可有效量化。

引用次数: 0

Low-frequency magnetic incremental permeability for the non-destructive evaluation of hardness profile after carburization treatment with large case hardening depth 用于无损评估大表面淬火深度渗碳处理后硬度曲线的低频磁增量渗透技术

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103248

Hicham Lberni , Benjamin Ducharne , Hélène Petitpré , Jean-François Mogniotte , Yves Armand Tene Deffo , Fan Zhang , Christophe Gallais

Carburization treatment with large case hardening depth is a technical process to enhance steel parts' surface hardness and wear resistance. Accurate evaluation of this metallurgical treatment is crucial to prevent critical mechanical failures. Low-frequency magnetic incremental permeability (LF-MIP) emerges as a non-destructive surface technique well-suited for this purpose in the case of ferromagnetic parts. Although correlations between magnetic indicators obtained through LF-MIP characterization and deep carburization treatment have been demonstrated, they remain qualitative. In this study, we propose an innovative method to assess the entire hardness profile based on LF-MIP characterization. Experimental results and simulation data are integrated into a reference chart used for post-processing, enabling the prediction of hardness profiles for specimens in a blind test. With a relative Euclidean distance of less than 6 % between the method's predictions and destructive tests conducted on specimens treated with medium, deep, and intense intensities, we consider the method validated.

大表面硬化深度渗碳处理是一种提高钢零件表面硬度和耐磨性的技术工艺。准确评估这种冶金处理对防止关键机械故障至关重要。低频磁增量渗透率（LF-MIP）是一种非破坏性表面技术，非常适合铁磁性零件。虽然通过 LF-MIP 表征获得的磁性指标与深渗碳处理之间的相关性已经得到证实，但它们仍然是定性的。在本研究中，我们提出了一种基于 LF-MIP 表征评估整个硬度曲线的创新方法。实验结果和模拟数据被整合到一个用于后处理的参考图表中，从而能够预测盲测试样的硬度曲线。由于该方法的预测结果与对试样进行中度、深度和强度处理后进行的破坏性试验之间的相对欧氏距离小于 6%，因此我们认为该方法是有效的。

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引用次数: 0