Assessing biological self-organization patterns using statistical complexity characteristics: a tool for diffusion tensor imaging analysis.

Object: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are well-known and powerful imaging techniques for MRI. Although DTI evaluation has evolved continually in recent years, there are still struggles regarding quantitative measurements that can benefit brain areas that are consistently difficult to measure via diffusion-based methods, e.g., gray matter (GM). The present study proposes a new image processing technique based on diffusion distribution evaluation of López-Ruiz, Mancini and Calbet (LMC) complexity called diffusion complexity (DC).

Materials and methods: The OASIS-3 and TractoInferno open-science databases for healthy individuals were used, and all the codes are provided as open-source materials.

Results: The DC map showed relevant signal characterization in brain tissues and structures, achieving contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) gains of approximately 39% and 93%, respectively, compared to those of the FA and ADC maps.

Discussion: In the special case of GM tissue, the DC map obtains its maximum signal level, showing the possibility of studying cortical and subcortical structures challenging for classical DTI quantitative formalism. The ability to apply the DC technique, which requires the same imaging acquisition for DTI and its potential to provide complementary information to study the brain's GM structures, can be a rich source of information for further neuroscience research and clinical practice.