老挝的城市固体废物管理:与东盟地区和日本的环境影响、做法和技术比较分析

Vongdala Noudeng, Dek Vimean Pheakdey, Tran Thi Ngoc Minh, T.D. Xuan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

发展中国家的城市固体废物管理面临诸多限制,尤其是在处理和处置技术方面,而这对于实现环境和经济可持续发展目标至关重要。本文调查了老挝与东盟和日本地区的城市固体废物管理情况,重点是背景信息、废物特征、环境影响和资源利用处理技术。研究结果表明,老挝(尤其是首都万象)的城市垃圾产生量持续上升,从 2012 年的 21 万吨增至 2021 年的 37 万吨。处理方法包括不卫生的填埋、基本的回收利用和露天倾倒,以及焚烧或排入河流,对环境和人类健康构成潜在风险。日本和新加坡的垃圾处理量呈下降趋势,日本从 2012 年的 4523 万吨降至 2021 年的 4095 万吨,新加坡从 2021 年的 727 万吨降至 2021 年的 694 万吨。老挝在城市废物管理方面面临挑战,特别是在废物回收和废物变能源做法方面,这些都是旨在促进环境和经济可持续性的固体废物综合管理的关键要素。加强老挝的废物管理需要制定一项废物管理法,其中包括分类、回收和生产者延伸责任政策。实施机械生物处理设施、垃圾发电厂和垃圾填埋场升级改造至关重要。废物管理方面的能力建设和公众宣传活动将提高可持续性,减少对环境的影响,并推进可持续城市和社区的可持续发展目标。
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Municipal Solid Waste Management in Laos: Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact, Practices, and Technologies with ASEAN Regions and Japan
Municipal solid waste management in developing countries faces limitations, especially concerning technologies for treatment and disposal, which is crucial for achieving environmental and economic sustainability goals. This paper investigates municipal solid waste management in Laos, compared with the ASEAN-Japan regions, focusing on background information, waste characteristics, environmental impact, and treatment technologies for resource utilization. The findings indicate a continuous rise in municipal waste generation in Laos, particularly in the capital Vientiane, from 0.21 million tons in 2012 to 0.37 million tons in 2021. Treatment methods include unsanitary landfilling, basic recycling, and open dumping, as well as burning or discharge into rivers, posing potential risks to the environment and human health. Japan and Singapore have shown decreasing trends, with Japan reducing from 45.23 million tons in 2012 to 40.95 million tons in 2021 and Singapore from 7.27 million tons in 2021 to 6.94 million tons in 2021. Laos encounters challenges in managing municipal waste, especially in waste recovery and waste-to-energy practices, crucial elements of integrated solid waste management aimed at promoting environmental and economic sustainability. Enhancing waste management in Laos involves developing a waste management act with segregation, recycling, and extended producer responsibility policies. Implementing mechanical biological treatment facilities, waste-to-energy plants, and upgraded landfills is crucial. Capacity building and public awareness campaigns on waste management will improve sustainability, reduce environmental impacts, and advance sustainable development goals for sustainable cities and communities.
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