C4 禾本科植物对干旱的反应反映了半干旱热带稀树草原中物种特有的策略

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.4986
Nicole A. Havrilchak, Jason B. West
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引用次数: 0

摘要

C4 禾本科植物在进化世系和生物化学方面都是一个多样化的群体。C4 禾本科植物群落的分布与干旱程度有明显的关系,但这种分布的机理基础还不十分清楚。此外,很少有研究调查了共生的 C4 草种在自然环境中应对干旱的功能策略。我们探讨了在自然干旱梯度的三个地点,属于不同支系、生化亚型和大小等级的五种共生半干旱 C4 禾本科植物之间叶片级气体交换、水分利用和形态的协调情况。更具体地说,我们测量了黎明前和中午的水势、气孔导度、水分利用效率和光合作用。我们还采集了叶片组织,用于分析碳和氧的稳定同位素,以及测量比叶面积(SLA)和叶片宽度。此外,还评估了气孔对蒸气压差(VPD)变化的响应性的物种差异。根据观察到的生物地理模式和过去的温室研究,我们预计 NAD-me 物种将保持较高的光合作用速率、较高的水分利用效率,并且气孔的反应能力强于其他共生物种。我们发现,Aristidoideae 和 Chloridoideae NAD-me 型禾本科植物的气孔对 VPD 的敏感性更高,这与更多的等水策略一致。然而,无论亚型或品系如何,中生禾本科植物都具有更高的表观水分获取率和水分利用效率。PCK 型物种的气孔反应较弱,随着干旱程度的增加,光合作用水平也较低。种间在δ13C、叶片宽度和SLA方面存在很大差异,但这些与水分利用效率没有显著相关。在我们的研究中,C4 禾本科植物并没有按照品系、生物化学或大小等级划分为不同的功能群。种间差异、进化遗产和生化途径可能相互作用,决定了这些植物的水分利用和光合作用策略。通过反应灵敏的气孔控制水分流失可能是某些 C4 禾本科植物在干旱环境中占优势的基础。这些发现加深了我们对 C4 禾本科植物在自然环境中应对干旱的不同策略的理解。
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Responses of C4 grasses to aridity reflect species-specific strategies in a semiarid savanna

The C4 Poaceae are a diverse group in terms of both evolutionary lineage and biochemistry. There is a distinct pattern in the distribution of C4 grass groups with aridity; however, the mechanistic basis for this distribution is not well understood. Additionally, few studies have investigated the functional strategies of co-occurring C4 grass species for dealing with aridity in their natural environments. We explored the coordination of leaf-level gas exchange, water use, and morphology among five co-occurring semiarid C4 grasses belonging to divergent clades, biochemical subtypes, and size classes at three sites along a natural aridity gradient. More specifically, we measured predawn and midday water potential, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and photosynthesis. Leaf tissue was also collected for the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen as well as for measurement of specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf width. Species differences in responsiveness of stomata to changes in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were also assessed. It was expected that NAD-me species would maintain higher rates of photosynthesis, higher water use efficiency, and have more responsive stomata than other co-occurring species based on observed biogeographic patterns and past greenhouse studies. We found that Aristidoideae and Chloridoideae NAD-me-type grasses had greater stomatal sensitivity to VPD, consistent with a more isohydric strategy. However, midgrasses had both greater apparent water access and water use efficiency, regardless of subtype or lineage. PCK-type species had less responsive stomata and maintained lower levels of photosynthesis with increasing aridity. There were strong interspecific differences in δ13C, leaf width, and SLA; however, these were not significantly correlated with water use efficiency. C4 grasses in our study did not fit discretely into functional groups as defined by lineage, biochemistry, or size class. Interspecific differences, evolutionary legacy, and biochemical pathway are likely to interact to determine water use and photosynthetic strategies of these plants. Control of water loss via highly responsive stomata may form the basis for dominance of certain C4 grass groups in arid environments. These findings build on our understanding of contrasting strategies of C4 grasses for dealing with aridity in their natural environments.

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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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