英格兰和威尔士的种族财富不平等,1858-2018 年

IF 2.6 1区 历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS Explorations in Economic History Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101617
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引用次数: 0

摘要

利用英格兰和威尔士从 1858 年到 2018 年的死亡和死亡财富记录中的姓氏,我记录了现代种族财富梯度的出现。从历史上看,非英国族裔的平均财富是英国人的 2-5 倍。然而,这种溢价在 20 世纪有所下降。到 1980 年,非英国人种族与英国人相比已没有优势。然而,这掩盖了非英国族裔群体内部存在的相当大的异质性。欧洲人通常比英国人富得多,而巴基斯坦人和瑞典人则比英国人穷得多。有些群体的财富总是较低。爱尔兰人的财富约为英国人平均财富的 50%。令人惊讶的是,最平等的财富衡量标准是前 1%的代表。1980-1992 年间,大多数种族在前 1%中的代表性与英国人相当,甚至更高。尽管不同种族之间的平均财富存在巨大差异,但绝大多数差异(97.5%)发生在个人之间。
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Ethnic wealth inequality in England and Wales, 1858–2018

Using surnames from the universe of death and wealth-at-death records in England and Wales, from 1858 to 2018, I document the emergence of a modern ethnic wealth gradient. Historically, Non-British ethnicities have average wealth 2–5 times that of the English. However, this premium has decreased over the 20th century. By 1980, non-British ethnicities have no advantage over the British. However, this masks considerable heterogeneity within the non-British ethnicity group. Europeans typically die significantly richer than the English whereas the Pakistani and Swedish die significantly poorer. Some groups always have lower wealth. The Irish, have wealth around 50% of the average English throughout. Surprisingly, the most egalitarian measure of wealth is representation within the top 1%. Most ethnicities have an equal, or greater, representation in the top 1% than the English, 1980–1992. Despite large differences in average wealth between ethnicities, the vast majority of variation, 97.5% is between individuals.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Explorations in Economic History provides broad coverage of the application of economic analysis to historical episodes. The journal has a tradition of innovative applications of theory and quantitative techniques, and it explores all aspects of economic change, all historical periods, all geographical locations, and all political and social systems. The journal includes papers by economists, economic historians, demographers, geographers, and sociologists. Explorations in Economic History is the only journal where you will find "Essays in Exploration." This unique department alerts economic historians to the potential in a new area of research, surveying the recent literature and then identifying the most promising issues to pursue.
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