渴死:鹰蛾授粉昆虫对环境湿度和花蜜供应变化的渗透调节作用

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104700
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引用次数: 0

摘要

气候引起的花期变化会破坏传粉昆虫与花卉资源的同步性,尤其是在降雨量决定两者的沙漠生态系统中。然而,目前还缺乏在快速气候变化中衡量野外授粉者健康状况的基准指标。我们的实验室研究通过探索渗透压条件如何影响沙漠鹰蛾授粉昆虫曼杜卡(Manduca sexta)的存活率,建立了授粉昆虫生理状态的基线。我们在20%、50%和80%的环境湿度水平下对1000多只实验室培育的飞蛾的血淋巴渗透压进行了采样。无论环境湿度如何,饥饿蛾在羽化后的 1-3 天内都能保持 350-400 mmol/kg 的健康渗透压,但在低湿度和中等湿度环境中 4-5 天后,以及在高湿度环境中 5 天后,渗透压急剧上升到 550 mmol/kg。低湿度条件下饥饿的飞蛾在 5 天内死亡,而高湿度条件下的飞蛾存活时间是低湿度条件下的两倍。喂食合成曼陀罗花蜜、合成龙舌兰花蜜或水的飞蛾,其渗透压保持在 350-400mmol/kg 的健康范围内。喂食曼陀罗和龙舌兰真花蜜的飞蛾也是如此,尽管飞蛾消耗的合成花蜜比真花蜜多,这可能是由于非糖成分造成的。在干燥的环境条件下,模拟授粉昆虫出现和花蜜供应之间 4 天的不匹配,单次花蜜餐渗透压可拯救飞蛾。我们的研究结果突出表明,血淋巴渗透压是区分昆虫传粉昆虫脱水和水合状态的快速而准确的生物标志物。
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Dying of thirst: Osmoregulation by a hawkmoth pollinator in response to variability in ambient humidity and nectar availability

Climate-induced shifts in flowering phenology can disrupt pollinator-floral resource synchrony, especially in desert ecosystems where rainfall dictates both. However, baseline metrics to gauge pollinator health in the wild amidst rapid climate change are lacking. Our laboratory-based study establishes a baseline for pollinator physiological state by exploring how osmotic conditions influence survivorship in a desert hawkmoth pollinator, Manduca sexta. We sampled hemolymph osmolality from over 1000 lab-grown moths at 20 %, 50 %, and 80 % ambient humidity levels. Starved moths maintained healthy osmolality of 350–400 mmol/kg for 1–3 days after eclosion regardless of ambient humidity, but it sharply rose to 550 mmol/kg after 4–5 days in low and moderate humidity, and after 5 days in high humidity. Starved moths in low humidity conditions perished within 5 days, while those in high humidity survived twice as long. Moths fed synthetic Datura wrightii nectar, synthetic Agave palmeri nectar, or water, maintained osmolality within a healthy range of 350–400mmol/kg. The same was true for moths fed authentic floral nectars from Datura and Agave plants, although moths consumed more synthetic than authentic nectars, possibly due to non-sugar constituents. Simulating a 4-day mismatch between pollinator emergence and nectar availability, a single nectar meal osmotically rescued moths under dry ambient conditions. Our findings highlight hemolymph osmolality as a rapid and accurate biomarker distinguishing dehydrated from hydrated states in insect pollinators.

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来源期刊
Journal of insect physiology
Journal of insect physiology 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.50%
发文量
77
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍: All aspects of insect physiology are published in this journal which will also accept papers on the physiology of other arthropods, if the referees consider the work to be of general interest. The coverage includes endocrinology (in relation to moulting, reproduction and metabolism), pheromones, neurobiology (cellular, integrative and developmental), physiological pharmacology, nutrition (food selection, digestion and absorption), homeostasis, excretion, reproduction and behaviour. Papers covering functional genomics and molecular approaches to physiological problems will also be included. Communications on structure and applied entomology can be published if the subject matter has an explicit bearing on the physiology of arthropods. Review articles and novel method papers are also welcomed.
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