Journal of insect physiology最新文献

Dual-function trehalose transporters link metabolic adaptation to diapause plasticity and fecundity in Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) 双功能海藻糖转运体将树突赤眼蜂（膜翅目：赤眼蜂科）滞育可塑性和繁殖力的代谢适应联系起来。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104923

Xue Zhang , Xiaoyang Song , Meixin Zheng , Jiaqing Guo , Yanan Fan , Jianbo Huang , Qianyu Zhang , Junjie Zhang , Changchun Ruan

Trehalose transporters (Trets) play a pivotal role in mediating metabolic adaptation in insects by regulating trehalose distribution across tissues. However, their functional differentiation and contribution to key life-history traits such as diapause and reproduction remain poorly understood in parasitoid wasps. In this study, we investigated two trehalose transporter genes, Tret1 and Tret1-2, in the parasitic wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi, an important biological control agent. Using stage-specific RNA interference, we demonstrated that knockdown of either gene significantly impaired diapause induction and delayed larval–prepupal transition, accompanied by downregulation of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose content. Moreover, Tret1 silencing broadly suppressed the expression of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase and ecdysone receptor (EcR), whereas Tret1-2 knockdown specifically reduced EcR transcript levels. Intriguingly, only adult-stage silencing of Tret1-2 severely compromised female fecundity, reducing both ovarian egg load and total number of parasitized eggs, and led to disrupted ovarian morphology and downregulation of vitellogenin receptor (VgR). These results reveal that Tret1 and Tret1-2 have evolved specialized, stage-specific functions: Tret1 primarily supports larval development and diapause preparation, while Tret1-2 is essential for adult reproductive performance, likely through regulating VgR-mediated oogenesis. Our findings provide novel insights into the functional divergence of trehalose transporters in linking metabolic reprogramming to diapause plasticity and fecundity in a parasitoid wasp, with implications for improving its mass rearing and field application in biological control programs.

海藻糖转运体（Trets）通过调节海藻糖在组织中的分布，在昆虫代谢适应中起着关键作用。然而，它们的功能分化和对关键生活史特征的贡献，如滞育和繁殖，在寄生蜂中仍然知之甚少。本研究研究了两种海藻糖转运蛋白Tret1和Tret1-2基因在树突赤眼蜂（Trichogramma dendrolimi）中的表达。通过阶段特异性RNA干扰，研究人员发现，敲低任一基因都会显著损害滞育诱导和延迟幼虫到蛹前的转变，并伴有海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶和海藻糖含量的下调。此外，Tret1沉默广泛抑制幼年激素环氧化物水解酶和蜕皮激素受体（EcR）的表达，而Tret1-2敲低特异性降低EcR转录水平。有趣的是，只有在成年期沉默Tret1-2才会严重损害雌性的繁殖力，降低卵巢卵负荷和寄生卵总数，导致卵巢形态破坏和卵黄原蛋白受体（VgR）下调。这些结果表明Tret1和Tret1-2已经进化出了专门的、阶段特异性的功能：Tret1主要支持幼虫发育和滞育准备，而Tret1-2则对成虫的生殖性能至关重要，可能通过调节vgr介导的卵发生。我们的研究结果为寄生蜂代谢重编程与滞育可塑性和繁殖力之间海藻糖转运体的功能差异提供了新的见解，对改善寄生蜂的大规模饲养和在生物防治计划中的野外应用具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Pigment-dispersing factor is not essential for eclosion rhythm and inducing the photoperiodic diapause in the silkworm, Bombyx mori 色素分散因子在家蚕的羽化节律和诱导光周期滞育中不是必需的。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104914

Hisashi Tobita , Takashi Kiuchi

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) functions as a key circadian clock output that regulates circadian rhythmicity at physiological and behavioral levels in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Similarly, the involvement of PDF in circadian behavioral rhythmicity and photoperiodism has been demonstrated across a wide range of insect orders. However, in Lepidoptera, the second largest insect order, the function of PDF remains poorly elucidated. The silkworm Bombyx mori, which exhibits clear circadian rhythmicity and photoperiodism, represents a suitable model for exploring the role of PDF in lepidopterans. Herein, we investigated whether PDF acts as a circadian clock output regulating circadian behavior and photoperiodic diapause induction in B. mori. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, we introduced a frameshift mutation into pdf in a bivoltine strain. The mutated allele was predicted to encode a protein lacking the mature PDF region due to a premature stop codon. However, the pdf mutant retained the circadian eclosion rhythm and the ability to induce diapause in response to photoperiodic conditions during the larval stage. Comparative analysis of PDF sequences from multiple insect orders retrieved from the NCBI database revealed that lepidopteran PDF amino acid sequences are less conserved than those of other insect orders. These findings suggest that the PDF of lepidopterans has undergone divergent evolution, and at least in B. mori, it lost function in circadian clock-related output. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the function of PDF in Lepidoptera using reverse genetics.

神经肽色素分散因子（PDF）作为一个关键的生物钟输出，在果蝇生理和行为水平上调节昼夜节律。类似地，PDF参与昼夜行为节律和光周期已经在广泛的昆虫目中得到证实。然而，在昆虫第二大目鳞翅目中，PDF的功能尚不清楚。家蚕具有明显的昼夜节律性和光周期性，为探讨PDF在鳞翅目动物中的作用提供了一个合适的模型。在此，我们研究了PDF是否作为生物钟输出调节家蚕的昼夜节律行为和光周期滞育诱导。利用CRISPR/ cas9介导的诱变技术，我们将一个移码突变引入到一个双伏菌株的pdf中。预计突变等位基因编码一个由于过早终止密码子而缺乏成熟PDF区域的蛋白质。然而，pdf突变体在幼虫期对光周期条件的响应中保留了昼夜羽化节律和诱导滞育的能力。对NCBI数据库中检索到的多个昆虫目的PDF序列进行比较分析，发现鳞翅目PDF氨基酸序列的保守性低于其他昆虫目。这些发现表明鳞翅目的PDF经历了不同的进化，至少在家蚕中，它失去了与生物钟相关的输出功能。据我们所知，这是首次利用反向遗传学研究鳞翅目PDF功能的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of diapause duration on thermal tolerance in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi Baly 滞育期对大白菜甲虫耐热性的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104912

Yan Ni , Ying-Fang Li , Fang-Sen Xue , Li-Li Huang , Hai-Min He

Insect diapause duration has a profound impact on post-diapause fitness and physiological performance. This study explores how diapause duration (ranging from 0.5 to 2 years) affects heat tolerance in both adult cabbage beetles, Colaphellus bowringi Baly, and their offspring. The investigation integrates survival assays, LT₅₀ analysis, and respiratory metabolism. Results indicate that shorter diapause durations significantly enhance heat tolerance in adult beetles, demonstrating a clear negative correlation between diapause duration and thermal resilience. Specifically, adult beetles undergoing 0.5 years of diapause exhibited an LT₅₀ of 36.79 °C, whereas those with 2 years of diapause showed an LT₅₀ of 29.58 °C. However, no significant differences in thermal tolerance were observed among offspring across all tested life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults), regardless of parental diapause duration. Larval respiratory responses to acute heat stress displayed a consistent thermal performance curve peaking at 39 °C and declining sharply at higher temperatures. These findings highlight a trade-off between diapause duration and heat tolerance, suggesting a potential role for metabolic costs and stress defense mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of diapause duration in shaping thermal tolerance and suggest complex interactions between dormancy and stress resilience. Future research should aim to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved and examine the broader ecological implications of diapause duration on population dynamics under changing climatic conditions.

昆虫滞育持续时间对滞育后的适合度和生理性能有着深远的影响。本研究探讨了滞育时间（0.5 ~ 2 年）对成年卷心菜甲虫colaphelus bowringi Baly及其后代耐热性的影响。该研究整合了生存测定、LT50分析和呼吸代谢。结果表明，较短的滞育时间显著增强了成虫的耐热性，表明滞育时间与热恢复力之间存在明显的负相关关系。其中，滞育0.5 年的成虫LT50为36.79℃，滞育2 年的成虫LT50为29.58℃。然而，在所有被测试的生命阶段（卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫）中，无论亲代滞育持续时间如何，后代的耐热性都没有显著差异。急性热应激下幼虫的呼吸反应表现出一致的热性能曲线，在39℃时达到峰值，在更高温度下急剧下降。这些发现强调了滞育持续时间和耐热性之间的权衡，表明代谢成本和胁迫防御机制的潜在作用。这些发现强调了滞育持续时间在形成耐热性中的重要性，并表明休眠和应激恢复之间存在复杂的相互作用。未来的研究应旨在揭示所涉及的分子机制，并研究在变化的气候条件下滞育时间对种群动态的更广泛的生态影响。

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引用次数: 0

Chromosomal influence on variation in the timing of diapause termination in Cydia pomonella 染色体对波蒙草滞育终止时间变异的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104904

Christian Oehlmann , Peter Neulichedl , David G. Heckel , Jörg T. Wennmann , Roland Zelger , Johannes A. Jehle , Katrin Janik

Diapause is a period of suspended development at a specific period of the life cycle, in order to avoid times that are unfavourable for activity. In the codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella, an overwintering diapause occurs in the fifth larval instar, and termination of diapause in the spring is indicated by ecdysis and pupation. There is geographic variation as well as large within-population variation (up to 90 days) in the timing of diapause termination in this species. Accompanied by 15 years of observing diapause termination of a CM field population, an artificial selection for early and late diapause termination resulted in two inbred strains, ES (Early strain) and LS (Late strain) which differ in pupation timing after diapause by nearly 90 days. We have initiated a genetic study utilizing most of the possible intercrosses and backcrosses of these two strains and analysed the possible contributions of the autosomes (A) and the sex chromosomes (Z, W) by considering their relative effects on diapause termination time. A large effect of the Z chromosome can be detected because of its unique sex-associated inheritance pattern. Deviations from Z-based predictions can be detected in crosses where ES- and LS-derived autosomes segregate independently from the Z chromosomes. However, not all predictions based on chromosomal inheritance alone are borne out by the data, suggesting involvement of maternal effects, epigenetics, epistasis, or genetic heterogeneity in one or both of the parent strains. These predictions are the basis of further studies to design a cost-effective approach to linkage mapping, to eventually identify the underlying genetic variation causing differences in diapause termination time.

滞育是在生命周期的特定时期暂停发育的一段时间，以避免不利于活动的时间。冷蛾（Cydia pomonella）的越冬滞育发生在幼虫的第5龄，并在春季通过蜕皮和化蛹来结束滞育。该物种的滞育终止时间不仅存在地理差异，还存在较大的种群内差异（可达90 天）。通过对CM田间种群15 年的滞育终止观察，通过人工选择早、晚滞育终止菌株，发现早、晚两种自交系ES和LS滞育后化蛹时间相差近90 天。我们利用这两个菌株的大部分可能的互交和回交进行了遗传研究，并从常染色体(a)和性染色体（ZW）对滞育终止时间的相对影响出发，分析了它们可能的贡献。由于其独特的性别相关遗传模式，可以检测到Z染色体的巨大影响。在ES-和ls -衍生常染色体独立于Z染色体分离的杂交中，可以检测到基于Z的预测的偏差。然而，并非所有仅基于染色体遗传的预测都能得到数据的证实，这表明母体效应、表观遗传学、上位性或一个或两个亲本菌株的遗传异质性都涉及其中。这些预测是进一步研究的基础，旨在设计一种具有成本效益的连锁定位方法，最终确定导致滞育终止时间差异的潜在遗传变异。

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引用次数: 0

MicroRNA miR-iab-8 modulates the diapause of Ostrinia furnacalis larvae by targeting the circadian clock gene cycle and affecting the ecdysone signaling pathway MicroRNA miR-iab-8通过靶向生物钟基因周期，影响ecdysone信号通路，调控玉米螟幼虫滞育。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104911

Hongyue Ma , Ye Liu , Shengyan Cao , Xun Tian , Yujie Chen , Shujing Gao , Feng Yan

Diapause in insects signifies a critical developmental adjustment to unfavorable seasonal conditions. It involves complex interactions across several signaling pathways, including juvenile hormone, ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E), insulin, circadian clock genes, and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of miRNAs and their regulatory circadian genes in diapause and metamorphosis, particularly in the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), remains insufficiently characterized. In this study, a target site of miR-iab-8 was identified in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of OfCycle (OfCyc), and dual-luciferase assays confirmed miR-iab-8-mediated suppression of OfCyc expression in vitro. Similar to the effects of dsRNA targeting the Cycle gene (dsCyc), in vivo administration of miR-iab-8 agomir (a synthetic miRNA agonist that enhances endogenous miRNA activity) to diapausing larvae resulted in inhibition of OfCyc expression, decreased lipid total content, diapause termination, and the development of malformed pupae. However, when miR-iab-8 antagomir (a synthetic miRNA antagonist that inhibits endogenous miRNA function) was administered to non-diapause individuals, it induced diapause entry, increased larval lipid content, and upregulated OfCyc expression. Furthermore, exogenous 20E increased the expression of miR-iab-8 and decreased the expression of OfCyc in non-diapause larvae, substantially rescuing the diapause phenotype induced by miR-iab-8 antagomir. This study demonstrated that precise regulation of the cascade expression of the 20E/miR-iab-8/Cyc axis is crucial for the development of diapause and metamorphosis in O. furnacalis larvae, thus improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microRNA target circadian clock gene regulating insect diapause.

昆虫的滞育标志着对不利季节条件的关键发育调整。它涉及多种信号通路的复杂相互作用，包括幼年激素、表皮激素（20-羟基蜕皮激素，20E）、胰岛素、生物钟基因和microrna （mirna）。然而，mirna及其调控昼夜节律基因在滞育和变态中的作用，特别是在亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）中，仍然没有充分的特征。在本研究中，miR-iab-8的靶点位于OfCycle （OfCyc）的3‘非翻译区（3’ utr），双荧光素酶测定证实了miR-iab-8介导的OfCyc体外表达抑制。与dsRNA靶向周期基因（dsCyc）的作用类似，在体内将miR-iab-8 agomir（一种增强内源性miRNA活性的合成miRNA激动剂）用于滞育幼虫，可抑制OfCyc表达，降低脂质总含量，终止滞育，并发育畸形蛹。然而，当将miR-iab-8拮抗剂（一种抑制内源性miRNA功能的合成miRNA拮抗剂）给予非滞育个体时，它会诱导滞育进入，增加幼虫脂质含量，并上调dofcyc表达。此外，外源20E增加了miR-iab-8的表达，降低了非滞育幼虫中OfCyc的表达，大大挽救了miR-iab-8拮抗剂诱导的滞育表型。本研究表明，精确调控20E/miR-iab-8/Cyc轴的级联表达对稻蛾幼虫滞育和变态发育至关重要，从而提高了对microRNA靶生物钟基因调控昆虫滞育的分子机制的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Adipokinetic hormone receptor is required for larval food intake and development of Plutella xylostella 脂肪运动激素受体是小菜蛾幼虫摄食和发育的必需物质

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104913

Qiu-Li Hou , Mei Fang , Jia-Ni Zhu , Donal M. O’Sullivan , Er-Hu Chen

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), a notorious worldwide pest of cruciferous crops, has evolved high resistance to various commonly used chemical insecticides. In insects, the adipokinetic hormone signaling system is the key regulator that efficiently mobilizes lipid storage to sustain energy demands during their different physiological processes. In this study, we characterized the full-length adipokinetic hormone receptor of P. xylostella (PxAKHR), which encodes a 414-amino-acid protein containing seven conserved transmembrane domains. We then evaluated its potential as a pest-control target by examining its roles in food intake and larval development. Gene expression analysis showed PxAKHR was most highly expressed in third instar larvae, with high transcript levels in the fat body and gut, indicating its key roles in energy metabolism and development. Knockdown of PxAKHR via RNAi (RNA interference) led to the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) and lipid, along with significant reductions in both food intake and locomotor activity in P. xylostella larvae. Furthermore, we found a notable delay in larval development of P. xylostella after the injection of dsPxAKHR. Taken together, these findings confirm that PxAKHR plays critical roles in lipid mobilization, food intake, and development regulation of P. xylostella, highlighting its potential as a promising RNAi-based pest control target.

小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella L.）是十字花科作物中臭名昭著的世界性害虫，对各种常用化学杀虫剂具有高度抗性。在昆虫中，脂肪动力学激素信号系统是有效调动脂质储存以维持其不同生理过程中能量需求的关键调节器。在这项研究中，我们鉴定了小蓟草全长脂肪动力学激素受体（PxAKHR），该受体编码一个含有7个保守跨膜结构域的414个氨基酸的蛋白。然后，我们通过检查其在食物摄入和幼虫发育中的作用来评估其作为害虫控制目标的潜力。基因表达分析显示，PxAKHR在3龄幼虫中表达量最高，在脂肪体和肠道中表达量较高，表明其在能量代谢和发育中起关键作用。通过RNAi （RNA干扰）敲低PxAKHR导致三酰基甘油（TAG）和脂质积累，同时显著减少小菜蛾幼虫的食物摄入量和运动活性。此外，我们发现注射dsPxAKHR后，小菜蛾幼虫发育明显延迟。综上所述，这些发现证实了PxAKHR在小菜蛾的脂质动员、食物摄入和发育调控中起着关键作用，突出了其作为基于rnai的害虫防治靶点的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Euschistus heros RNase silencing: dsRNA stability and effects on RNAi susceptibility RNase沉默：dsRNA稳定性及其对RNAi易感性的影响

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104908

Daniel Estiven Quiroga-Murcia , Éricmar Avila dos Santos , Kristof De Schutter , Moises J. Zotti

Nuclease (RNase) activity is a major limiting factor that reduces the effectiveness of RNAi-induced gene silencing across many insect species. In Euschistus heros, dsRNA degradation occurs predominantly upon contact with saliva, while midgut fluids exhibit moderate degradative activity and the hemolymph shows minimal or no RNase activity. High expression levels of RNase genes have been confirmed in the salivary glands, and to a lesser extent, in the midgut. To assess the impact of this barrier on RNAi efficacy, a RNAi-of-RNAi-based strategy was designed, involving the microinjection of dsRNA targeting the RNase gene (dsRNase), followed by the oral delivery of dsRNA targeting the V-ATPase gene (dsVATP-ase). This approach successfully reduced RNase gene expression and significantly decreased dsRNA degradation in saliva and midgut extracts. However, RNase suppression did not result in a significant enhancement on the E. heros sensitivity to dsVATP-ase, suggesting the presence of additional barriers that limit RNAi efficacy in this species. These results highlight the importance of mitigating enzymatic degradation while also emphasizing the need for complementary approaches to overcome other physiological barriers and enhance the viability of RNAi as a control tool in E. heros.

核酸酶（RNase）活性是降低许多昆虫物种中rnai诱导的基因沉默有效性的主要限制因素。在雄羊中，dsRNA降解主要发生在与唾液接触时，而中肠液表现出中等的降解活性，而血淋巴表现出很少或没有RNase活性。RNase基因的高表达水平已在唾液腺中得到证实，在较小程度上，在中肠中也有。为了评估这种屏障对RNAi疗效的影响，设计了一种基于RNAi的RNAi-of-RNAi策略，包括显微注射靶向RNase基因（dsRNase）的dsRNA，然后口服靶向V-ATPase基因（dsVATP-ase）的dsRNA。该方法成功地降低了RNase基因的表达，并显著降低了唾液和中肠提取物中dsRNA的降解。然而，RNase抑制并没有导致E. hero对dsvatp酶的敏感性显著增强，这表明存在额外的屏障限制了RNAi在该物种中的作用。这些结果强调了减轻酶降解的重要性，同时也强调了需要互补的方法来克服其他生理障碍，并提高RNAi作为控制工具的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Cost of producing diapause eggs in two mirids, Trigonotylus caelestialium and Adelphocoris triannulatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) 半翅目：三角蝽和三角蝽滞育产卵的成本。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104915

Yoshinori Shintani, Ryohei Miyahara, Jun-ya Tajima

Diapause, which is defined as a programmed cessation of development, is considered a survival strategy in adverse seasons. However, the physiological and behavioural changes associated with diapause reduce the fitness of insects because they require greater metabolic investment and time. In many insects, diapause is induced primarily by photoperiod and temperature in a facultative manner. Furthermore, the occurrence of facultative diapause in some insects is often determined by the conditions experienced by the mother. Two species of multivoltine mirids, Trigonotylus caelestialium and Adelphocoris triannulatus (Hemiptera: Miridae), exhibit embryonic diapause induced by such a maternal effect. In this study, we evaluated the cost of diapause egg production in these two species by comparing life history traits associated with diapause and non-diapause egg production under short-day and long-day conditions, respectively. The results showed that the pre-oviposition period for adult females was significantly longer under short-day conditions for both species. Significant differences were also observed in the number of eggs laid by the two species, with approximately 30% fewer eggs being laid under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. This implies that producing diapause eggs to ensure long-term survival incurs costs, resulting in delayed egg-laying or reduced numbers of eggs. This study is the first to focus on the costs of diapause egg production in insects.

滞育，被定义为一种程序性的发育停止，被认为是在不利季节的生存策略。然而，与滞育相关的生理和行为变化降低了昆虫的适应性，因为它们需要更多的代谢投入和时间。在许多昆虫中，滞育主要是由光周期和温度以兼性方式诱导的。此外，在某些昆虫中，兼性滞育的发生往往取决于母亲所经历的条件。两种多伏特的三角蝽（Trigonotylus caelestialium）和三角蝽（Adelphocoris triannulatus）（半翅目：三角蝽科）表现出由这种母体效应引起的胚胎滞育。在本研究中，我们通过比较短日和长日条件下与滞育和非滞育产蛋相关的生活史性状，分别评估了这两种物种的滞育产蛋成本。结果表明，短日照条件下，两种成虫的产卵前期均明显延长。在产卵数量上也观察到两种物种的显著差异，在短日照条件下产卵的数量比在长日照条件下产卵的数量少约30%。这意味着生产滞育卵以确保长期生存需要成本，导致产卵延迟或卵数减少。这项研究首次关注了昆虫滞育产卵的成本。

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引用次数: 0

Body alignment enhances foraging performance of honey bees in the absence of visual cues 在没有视觉提示的情况下，身体对齐可以提高蜜蜂的觅食性能。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104909

Weijie Yuan , Jiangkun Wei , Junkai Lian , Caiying Liao , Matthew S. Lehnert , Stanislav N. Gorb , Zhigang Wu , Jianing Wu

Nectar sources are often confined to limited amounts of liquid in the microgrooves of floral nectaries. We show that in complete darkness, bees actively tapped their antennae to detect these microgrooves, and then rapidly aligned their body axis with these structures. Mechanical measurements confirm that aligning the body with the microgrooves at θ = 0 deg. reduces the external force on the proboscis during nectar feeding. Energy calculations demonstrate that feeding with an aligned body reduces foraging costs by 53.41 % compared to feeding with a vertical body at θ = 90 deg. By demonstrating the bee’s capacity for sensory-behavioral integration and adaptation in absence of visual cues, this body alignment response, which also mitigates potential proboscis damage, provides new insights into their energy-saving strategies.

花蜜来源通常局限于花蜜微槽中有限数量的液体。我们发现，在完全黑暗的环境下，蜜蜂会主动轻拍它们的触角来探测这些微凹槽，然后迅速将它们的身体轴线与这些结构对齐。机械测量证实，将身体与微凹槽在θ = 0度的位置对齐，可以减少吸食花蜜时对喙部的外力。能量计算表明，在θ = 90 °时，与垂直体相比，直线体觅食可减少53.41 %的觅食成本。通过展示蜜蜂在没有视觉提示的情况下的感觉-行为整合和适应能力，这种身体对齐反应也减轻了潜在的喙部损伤，为它们的节能策略提供了新的见解。

引用次数: 0

Insect double-stranded RNA-binding proteins: structure, function and RNAi efficiency 昆虫双链rna结合蛋白：结构、功能和RNAi效率。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104910

Anna Zielińska

Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins (dsRBPs) are essential cofactors in insect RNA interference (RNAi), where they stabilize and process double-stranded RNA and guide small RNAs into effector complexes. While Dicer and Argonaute proteins constitute the catalytic core of RNAi, dsRBPs such as R2D2, Loquacious, and Staufen, as well as lineage-specific variants like StaufenC, determine the efficiency, specificity, and systemic spread of silencing signals. Comparative analyses across Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera reveal pronounced differences in the presence, expression, and functional specialization of these proteins, which correlate with order-specific variability in RNAi responsiveness. Coleopterans exhibit robust systemic RNAi supported by high expression of dsRBPs and SID-1-like transporters, whereas lepidopterans and hemipterans display restricted dsRBP activity, elevated nuclease degradation, and limited systemic transport, resulting in inconsistent RNAi outcomes. Structural and biochemical studies have clarified the roles of dsRBPs in Dicer-mediated processing and RISC assembly, highlighting isoform-specific mechanisms in Loquacious and cooperative interactions between R2D2 and Dicer-2. Emerging evidence also implicates lineage-specific proteins, such as StaufenC in beetles, in enhancing oral RNAi. From an applied perspective, dsRBPs represent promising molecular determinants and biomarkers of RNAi susceptibility, offering entry points for improving host-induced and spray-induced gene silencing strategies. This review provides an integrated framework for understanding the molecular causes of RNAi variability and for developing targeted approaches to enhance the reliability of RNAi-based pest management.

双链RNA结合蛋白（dsrbp）是昆虫RNA干扰（RNAi）过程中必不可少的辅助因子，它稳定和加工双链RNA，并引导小RNA形成效应复合物。Dicer和Argonaute蛋白构成了RNAi的催化核心，而R2D2、Loquacious和Staufen等dsrbp以及StaufenC等谱系特异性变体则决定了沉默信号的效率、特异性和系统传播。双翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目和半翅目的比较分析揭示了这些蛋白在存在、表达和功能特化方面的显著差异，这些差异与RNAi反应的目特异性变异有关。鞘翅目动物在高表达dsRBP和sid -1样转运蛋白的支持下表现出强大的系统性RNAi，而鳞翅目和半翅目动物表现出受限的dsRBP活性、升高的核酸酶降解和有限的系统性转运，导致RNAi结果不一致。结构和生化研究已经阐明了dsrbp在dicer介导的加工和RISC组装中的作用，强调了R2D2和Dicer-2之间的健谈和合作相互作用的亚型特异性机制。新出现的证据也暗示了谱系特异性蛋白，如甲虫中的StaufenC，在增强口腔RNAi中起作用。从应用的角度来看，dsrbp代表了RNAi易感性的有前途的分子决定因素和生物标志物，为改进宿主诱导和喷雾诱导的基因沉默策略提供了切入点。这篇综述为理解RNAi变异的分子原因和开发有针对性的方法来提高基于RNAi的害虫管理的可靠性提供了一个综合框架。

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