影响南非六个省蜱虫分布的病媒丰度和相关非生物因素。

IF 1.7 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Veterinary World Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2024.1765-1777
Tsireledzo G Makwarela, Appolinaire Djikeng, Tracy M Masebe, Nyangiwe Nkululeko, Lucky T Nesengani, Ntanganedzeni O Mapholi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景和目的:气候条件对蜱虫和蜱传疾病的生命阶段和分布模式有重大影响。南非的中部高原和各种生物群落为研究地理影响提供了独特的景观。该研究估计了蜱虫物种的流行情况以及对其生存的影响因素:2020 年 9 月至 2022 年 11 月期间,从南非林波波省(LP)、豪滕省(GP)、姆普马兰加省(MP)、夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省(KZN)、东开普省(EC)和自由州(FS)等省的公共牛群中采集了蜱虫。利用南非天气预报数据对年度气候进行了评估:结果:共收集到 3,409 只蜱虫,其中克钦邦的蜱虫感染率最高(45%),其次是 LP(26%)、EC(19%)、GP(5%)、MP(2%)和自由邦(2%)。最常见的蜱虫种类是Amblyomma hebraeum(55.1%)、Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi(13.9%)和Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) and decoloratus(11.9%)。其他物种包括 R. (Boophilus) microplus(10.85%)、Hyalomma marginatum(4.8%)、Rhipicephalus appendiculatus(1.4%)、Harpalus rufipes(0.8%)、Rhipicephalus exophthalmos(0.2%)、Rhipicephalus glabroscutatus(0.2%)、Rhipicephalus sanguineus(0.2%)、Haemaphysalis silacea(0.5%)、Ixodes pilosus(0.1%)和 Rhipicephalus simus(0.1%)。虫害主要发生在邦戈拉和克钦邦的农场。数据收集期间,温度在 12°C 至 35°C 之间波动,湿度在 40% 至 65% 之间变化:这项研究表明,蜱虫在温度高、湿度大的条件下存活率最高。蜱虫高发的畜牧场可能与多种风险因素有关。这些做法可能包括放牧不当、杀螨剂处理不足以及传统畜牧业造成的不利影响。未来的研究需要纵向评估气候变化对蜱虫种群、病原体传播、宿主、栖息地和人类行为的影响,从而影响潜在的接触风险。
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Vector abundance and associated abiotic factors that influence the distribution of ticks in six provinces of South Africa.

Background and aim: Climatic conditions significantly impact the life stages and distribution patterns of ticks and tick-borne diseases. South Africa's central plateau and various biomes offer a distinct landscape for studying the geography's effects. The study estimated tick species prevalence and the influential factors on their survival.

Materials and methods: Ticks were gathered from communal cattle in South African provinces including Limpopo (LP), Gauteng (GP), Mpumalanga (MP), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), the Eastern Cape (EC), and the Free State (FS), from September 2020 to November 2022. Using data from South African weathercasts, the annual climate was assessed.

Results: A total of 3,409 ticks were collected, with the highest infestation observed in KZN (45%), followed by LP (26%), EC (19%), GP (5%), MP (2%), and the FS (2%). The most prevalent tick species were Amblyomma hebraeum (55.1%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (13.9%) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus), and decoloratus (11.9%). Other species included R. (Boophilus) microplus (10.85%), Hyalomma marginatum (4.8%), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (1.4%), Harpalus rufipes (0.8%), Rhipicephalus exophthalmos (0.2%), Rhipicephalus glabroscutatus (0.2%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.2%), Haemaphysalis silacea (0.5%), Ixodes pilosus (0.1%), and Rhipicephalus simus (0.1%). The infestations were most prevalent on farms in Pongola and KZN. The temperature fluctuated between 12°C and 35°C during data gathering, while humidity varied between 40% and 65%.

Conclusion: This study showed that ticks survive optimally in warm temperatures and high humidity conditions. Livestock farms with high tick infestations may be associated with several risk factors. These practices could involve suboptimal grazing, insufficient acaricidal treatment, and detrimental effects resulting from traditional animal husbandry. Future research is needed to longitudinally evaluate the effects of climate change on tick populations, pathogen transmission, hosts, habitats, and human behavior, influencing potential exposure risks.

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来源期刊
Veterinary World
Veterinary World Multiple-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
317
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary World publishes high quality papers focusing on Veterinary and Animal Science. The fields of study are bacteriology, parasitology, pathology, virology, immunology, mycology, public health, biotechnology, meat science, fish diseases, nutrition, gynecology, genetics, wildlife, laboratory animals, animal models of human infections, prion diseases and epidemiology. Studies on zoonotic and emerging infections are highly appreciated. Review articles are highly appreciated. All articles published by Veterinary World are made freely and permanently accessible online. All articles to Veterinary World are posted online immediately as they are ready for publication.
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