{"title":"辅助性 T 细胞:性激素改善类风湿性关节炎的潜在靶点?(综述)。","authors":"Quanjun Niu, Junhang Hao, Zhen Li, Huiping Zhang","doi":"10.3892/mmr.2024.13339","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease whose etiology is not fully understood. Defective peripheral immune tolerance and subsequent mis‑differentiation and aberrant infiltration of synovium by various immune cells, especially helper T (Th) cells, play an important role in the development of RA. There are significant sex differences in RA, but the results of studies on the effects of sex hormones on RA have been difficult to standardize and hormone replacement therapy has been limited by the potential for serious side effects. Existing research has amply demonstrated that cellular immune responses are largely determined by sex and that sex hormones play a key role in Th cell responses. Based on the aforementioned background and the plasticity of Th cells, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the action of sex hormones on Th cells will hopefully become a therapeutic target for RA. The present review discussed the role of various Th cell subsets in the pathogenesis of RA and also explored the role of sex hormones on the phenotype and function of these aberrantly regulated immune cells in RA as well as other pathologic effects on RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18818,"journal":{"name":"Molecular medicine reports","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450432/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Helper T cells: A potential target for sex hormones to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis? (Review).\",\"authors\":\"Quanjun Niu, Junhang Hao, Zhen Li, Huiping Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.3892/mmr.2024.13339\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease whose etiology is not fully understood. Defective peripheral immune tolerance and subsequent mis‑differentiation and aberrant infiltration of synovium by various immune cells, especially helper T (Th) cells, play an important role in the development of RA. There are significant sex differences in RA, but the results of studies on the effects of sex hormones on RA have been difficult to standardize and hormone replacement therapy has been limited by the potential for serious side effects. Existing research has amply demonstrated that cellular immune responses are largely determined by sex and that sex hormones play a key role in Th cell responses. Based on the aforementioned background and the plasticity of Th cells, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the action of sex hormones on Th cells will hopefully become a therapeutic target for RA. The present review discussed the role of various Th cell subsets in the pathogenesis of RA and also explored the role of sex hormones on the phenotype and function of these aberrantly regulated immune cells in RA as well as other pathologic effects on RA.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18818,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Molecular medicine reports\",\"volume\":\"30 6\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450432/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Molecular medicine reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13339\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/9/27 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Molecular medicine reports","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13339","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种慢性自身免疫性炎症,其病因尚未完全明了。外周免疫耐受性缺陷以及随后的各种免疫细胞,尤其是辅助性 T 细胞(Th)的错误分化和异常浸润滑膜在 RA 的发病中起着重要作用。RA 存在明显的性别差异,但有关性激素对 RA 影响的研究结果难以标准化,激素替代疗法也因可能产生严重副作用而受到限制。现有研究充分证明,细胞免疫反应在很大程度上取决于性别,而性激素在Th细胞反应中起着关键作用。基于上述背景和Th细胞的可塑性,我们有理由假设性激素对Th细胞的作用有望成为RA的治疗靶点。本综述讨论了各种 Th 细胞亚群在 RA 发病机制中的作用,还探讨了性激素对 RA 中这些异常调控的免疫细胞的表型和功能的作用,以及对 RA 的其他病理影响。
Helper T cells: A potential target for sex hormones to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis? (Review).
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease whose etiology is not fully understood. Defective peripheral immune tolerance and subsequent mis‑differentiation and aberrant infiltration of synovium by various immune cells, especially helper T (Th) cells, play an important role in the development of RA. There are significant sex differences in RA, but the results of studies on the effects of sex hormones on RA have been difficult to standardize and hormone replacement therapy has been limited by the potential for serious side effects. Existing research has amply demonstrated that cellular immune responses are largely determined by sex and that sex hormones play a key role in Th cell responses. Based on the aforementioned background and the plasticity of Th cells, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the action of sex hormones on Th cells will hopefully become a therapeutic target for RA. The present review discussed the role of various Th cell subsets in the pathogenesis of RA and also explored the role of sex hormones on the phenotype and function of these aberrantly regulated immune cells in RA as well as other pathologic effects on RA.
期刊介绍:
Molecular Medicine Reports is a monthly, peer-reviewed journal available in print and online, that includes studies devoted to molecular medicine, underscoring aspects including pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neurosciences, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology and molecular surgery. In vitro and in vivo studies of experimental model systems pertaining to the mechanisms of a variety of diseases offer researchers the necessary tools and knowledge with which to aid the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.