多细胞趋磁原核生物的逃逸运动。

IF 3.7 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Journal of The Royal Society Interface Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1098/rsif.2024.0310
Xinyi Yang, Manu Prakash, Douglas R Brumley
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微生物通常会对多种外部刺激做出积极反应,以便朝着自己喜欢的位置航行。例如,单细胞趋磁细菌会整合氧气感官信息和地球地磁场,帮助它们在缺氧条件下定位,这一过程被称为 "磁气定向"。然而,对于多细胞趋磁原核生物(MMPs)来说,由 4-16 个细胞组成的菌落结构对集体感应、菌落运动和定向游动造成了根本性的限制。为了研究菌落如何在多重刺激环境中航行,我们对具有相反磁场和氧梯度的 MMPs 进行了微流体实验。这些实验揭示了被称为 "逃逸运动 "的不寻常的来回游动,在这种游动中,菌落沿着磁场线穿梭,并以突然但高度协调的集体纤毛跳动变化为间歇。通过细胞追踪和数值模拟,我们证明了逸出运动可以通过简单的磁气动机制产生,其中包括磁力矩和化学感应的影响。在 MMPs 密度足够高的情况下,我们观察到动态晶体结构的形成,其稳定性受磁场强度和近场流体力学相互作用的制约。这些结果揭示了一些最早的多细胞生物是如何驾驭复杂的物理化学景观的。
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Escape motility of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes.

Microorganisms often actively respond to multiple external stimuli to navigate toward their preferred niches. For example, unicellular magnetotactic bacteria integrate both oxygen sensory information and the Earth's geomagnetic field to help them locate anoxic conditions in a process known as magneto-aerotaxis. However, for multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs), the colonial structure of 4-16 cells places fundamental constraints on collective sensing, colony motility and directed swimming. To investigate how colonies navigate environments with multiple stimuli, we performed microfluidic experiments of MMPs with opposing magnetic fields and oxygen gradients. These experiments reveal unusual back-and-forth excursions called 'escape motility', in which colonies shuttle along magnetic field lines, punctuated by abrupt-yet highly coordinated-changes in collective ciliary beating. Through cell tracking and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that escape motility can arise through a simple magneto-aerotaxis mechanism, which includes the effect of magnetic torques and chemical sensing. At sufficiently high densities of MMPs, we observe the formation of dynamic crystal structures, whose stability is governed by the magnetic field strength and near-field hydrodynamic interactions. The results shed light on how some of the earliest multicellular organisms navigate complex physico-chemical landscapes.

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来源期刊
Journal of The Royal Society Interface
Journal of The Royal Society Interface 综合性期刊-综合性期刊
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
2.60%
发文量
234
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: J. R. Soc. Interface welcomes articles of high quality research at the interface of the physical and life sciences. It provides a high-quality forum to publish rapidly and interact across this boundary in two main ways: J. R. Soc. Interface publishes research applying chemistry, engineering, materials science, mathematics and physics to the biological and medical sciences; it also highlights discoveries in the life sciences of relevance to the physical sciences. Both sides of the interface are considered equally and it is one of the only journals to cover this exciting new territory. J. R. Soc. Interface welcomes contributions on a diverse range of topics, including but not limited to; biocomplexity, bioengineering, bioinformatics, biomaterials, biomechanics, bionanoscience, biophysics, chemical biology, computer science (as applied to the life sciences), medical physics, synthetic biology, systems biology, theoretical biology and tissue engineering.
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