碳抵消符合限制全球变暖的《巴黎协定》:呼吁采取直接行动

Q2 Environmental Science Environmental Challenges Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.envc.2024.101034
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引用次数: 0

摘要

应对气候变化的社会承诺体现在《巴黎协定》中,其主要重点是通过减少或限制温室气体排放来减缓气候变化。为促进减排目标的实现,创新的碳信用和碳抵消机制应运而生。这些机制使利益相关方能够在需要时使用碳抵消额度来抵消其排放量。这些碳抵消方法可分为两大类。第一类涉及通过绿色和排放捕获解决方案,如重新造林和碳捕获与储存,直接减少环境中的温室气体排放。第二类侧重于通过使用或投资于碳强度低于 "一切照旧 "做法的技术(如可再生能源),实现碳排放量的相对减少。在第二类中实现的减排量被假定为等同于不排放计算出的排放量。然而,这两类方法一般都不能直接解决排放源问题。本研究提出了第三种方法,建议在排放源头建立碳补偿市场,提供了一种直接解决碳排放源头的新方法。这种方法旨在首先防止排放,直接解决排放源问题。它符合预防原则,该原则主张采取积极主动的措施来预防伤害。这种方法不应与非消费方法相混淆,后者是一种自上而下的战略,侧重于减少需求。相反,它是一种自下而上的方法,旨在减少排放的供应。本研究为在源头实施碳抵消市场制定了四步方法,首先确定每个生产者的化石燃料开采量,然后确定每单位开采量的利润率,接着计算每单位化石燃料的碳含量,最后在源头创建碳抵消市场,人们可以通过向生产者支付相当于化石燃料开采利润的金额来抵消其碳足迹,以换取等量化石燃料开采量的减少。它还提供了通过这种方法减排潜力的见解,以及基于历史记录、文献数据和统计数据库的单位减排成本计算。所提议方法的主要优势在于它自下而上地关注减少排放的供应,从而实时实现有形和可量化的减排。这种方法消除了传统方法中可能存在的漏洞,确保了减排的即时性和可验证性。
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Carbon offsets compatible with the Paris Agreement to limit global warming: Call for a direct action
The societal commitment to combat climate change is reflected in the Paris Agreement with the primary focus to mitigate climate change by reducing or limiting greenhouse gas emissions. To facilitate the achievement of emission reduction targets, innovative carbon crediting and offsetting mechanisms have been developed. These mechanisms enable stakeholders to offset their emissions by using carbon offset credits if needed. These carbon offset methodologies can be classified into two main categories. The first category involves directly reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the environment through green and emission-capturing solutions, such as reforestation and carbon capture and storage. The second category focuses on achieving a relative reduction in carbon emissions by using or investing in technologies with lower carbon intensity compared to business-as-usual practices, such as renewable energy. The reduction achieved in this second category is assumed to be equivalent to not emitting the calculated amount of emissions. However, both categories generally do not address the emissions' sources directly. This study introduces a third approach by proposing the creation of a carbon offset market at the emissions' source, offering a novel way to directly tackle the origins of carbon emissions. This approach aims to prevent emissions from being released in the first place, directly addressing the source of emissions. It aligns with the precautionary principle, which advocates for proactive measures to prevent harm. This approach should not be confused with the non-consumption approach, which is a top-down strategy focused on reducing demand. Instead, it is a bottom-up approach that seeks to reduce the supply of emissions. This study developed a four-step methodology for implementing a carbon offset market at the source, starting with fixing fossil fuel extraction per producer, then fixing the profit margin per unit of extraction, then calculating the carbon content per unit of fossil fuel, and finally creating a carbon offset market at the source where one can offset their carbon footprint by paying an amount equivalent to the profit from fossil fuel extraction to the producer in exchange for a reduction in an equivalent amount of fossil fuel extraction. It also offers insights into emission reductions potential through this approach, along with cost calculations per unit of reduction based on historical records, literature data, and statistical databases. The main advantage of the proposed approach is its bottom-up focus on reducing the supply of emissions, which leads to tangible and quantifiable reductions in real time. This method eliminates potential loopholes in traditional methodologies, ensuring that the reductions are both immediate and verifiable.
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来源期刊
Environmental Challenges
Environmental Challenges Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
249
审稿时长
8 weeks
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