Environmental Challenges最新文献

Integrating machine learning and drone technology for precision agriculture: A smart solution for automated irrigation and crop management 集成机器学习和无人机技术的精准农业：自动化灌溉和作物管理的智能解决方案

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101393

Sayibu Abdul-Gafaar , Peter Osei Boamah , Jacqueline Onumah , Frank Sam , Raymond Gyaang , Daniel Appiah-Essuman , Dennis Redeemer Korda , Alberta Mawunyo Buadi , Linus Tabari , Fortunatus Aabangbio Wulnye

Agriculture is vital to Ghana’s economy, contributing approximately 20 % to GDP and employing 45 % of the workforce. However, the agricultural sector’s reliance on rain-fed farming, particularly in northern Ghana, exposes it to climate variability, erratic rainfall, and prolonged droughts which lead to chronic food insecurity and economic losses. With only 2 % of farmland irrigated, traditional methods exacerbate water scarcity and low productivity. This study proposes an innovative machine learning (ML) and drone-based precision irrigation system to optimize water use, enhance crop yields, and build climate resilience in northern Ghana. The study deployed internet of things (IoT) soil sensors, weather forecasts, and autonomous drones across 150 smallholder farms in Tamale, Bolgatanga, and Wa through a mixed-methods approach. A random forest ML model predicted irrigation needs, while drones delivered targeted water applications. Results showed a 50.6 % increase in crop yields and a 30–40 % reduction in water usage compared to traditional methods. However, stakeholder interviews and factor analysis identified barriers such as high costs, limited digital literacy, and policy gaps. The study recommends government subsidies, farmer training, and regulatory reforms to facilitate adoption. This scalable model contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 6, and 13) and offers a replicable framework for other arid regions in sub-Saharan Africa.

农业对加纳经济至关重要，贡献了约20%的GDP，雇佣了45%的劳动力。然而，农业部门对雨养农业的依赖，特别是在加纳北部，使其受到气候变化、降雨不稳定和长期干旱的影响，从而导致长期的粮食不安全和经济损失。由于只有2%的农田得到灌溉，传统方法加剧了水资源短缺和生产力低下。本研究提出了一种创新的机器学习（ML）和基于无人机的精确灌溉系统，以优化加纳北部的水资源利用，提高作物产量，并建立气候适应能力。该研究通过混合方法在Tamale、Bolgatanga和Wa的150个小农场部署了物联网（IoT）土壤传感器、天气预报和自主无人机。随机森林机器学习模型预测灌溉需求，而无人机则提供有针对性的用水。结果表明，与传统方法相比，作物产量增加50.6%，用水量减少30 - 40%。然而，利益相关者访谈和因素分析发现了成本高、数字素养有限和政策差距等障碍。该研究建议政府补贴、农民培训和监管改革以促进采用。这一可扩展模式有助于实现可持续发展目标（可持续发展目标2、6和13），并为撒哈拉以南非洲其他干旱地区提供了可复制的框架。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of farm-level economic and greenhouse gas emissions performance: A case study of an alcoholic beverage company’s suppliers in Ireland 农场经济和温室气体排放绩效的比较分析：爱尔兰一家酒精饮料公司供应商的案例研究

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101392

Carel Johannes Kriek , Thia Hennessy , John Quinn , Fiona Thorne

The climate and biodiversity crises have prompted most industries to adopt nature-positive actions that support ecosystem functioning and decarbonisation. This shift is prominent in the food and beverage (F&B) sector, particularly multinational alcoholic beverage companies, where regulatory pressure, capital markets, and consumer demand have accelerated efforts to engage suppliers on sustainability. This paper assessed the environmental and economic performance of spring barley suppliers to a global alcoholic beverage company (BC) in Ireland as a case study. To understand performance variability, identify opportunities for improvement, and provide national context, spring barley farmers supplying the BC in Ireland were compared with a nationally representative sample in 2020 and 2023. Estimates of emissions per euro of output and per tonne of spring barley were produced to support the BC’s understanding of its Scope 3 emissions. BC supplying farms outperformed national farms economically, with higher output and margins. The BC farmers had higher total emissions in 2020, decreasing by 2023, resulting in improved emissions efficiency, with BC farms emitting less per euro of output, whilst national farms increased. Synthetic fertiliser emissions were the highest source of emissions for both years. Differences between the years in emissions and economic performance highlight the environmental and economic volatility farmers face in the tillage industry. Our study produces emission efficiency metrics useful to F&B companies, highlights the importance of harmonised data and verification methods for companies wishing to improve sustainability performance. Our findings support F&B companies in working more effectively with suppliers to reduce Scope 3 emissions accountably.

气候和生物多样性危机促使大多数行业采取有利于自然的行动，支持生态系统功能和脱碳。这种转变在食品和饮料（F&；B）部门尤为突出，特别是跨国酒精饮料公司，监管压力、资本市场和消费者需求加快了让供应商参与可持续发展的努力。本文以爱尔兰一家全球酒精饮料公司（BC）为例，评估了春大麦供应商的环境和经济绩效。为了了解绩效变化，确定改进机会，并提供国家背景，将爱尔兰供应BC的春大麦农民与2020年和2023年的全国代表性样本进行了比较。对每欧元产量和每吨春大麦的排放量进行了估计，以支持英国广播公司对其范围3排放的理解。不列颠哥伦比亚省供应农场在经济上优于国家农场，具有更高的产量和利润。BC省农民在2020年的总排放量较高，到2023年减少，从而提高了排放效率，BC省农场每欧元产出的排放量减少，而全国农场的排放量增加。合成肥料的排放在这两年都是最高的排放源。不同年份的排放量和经济表现之间的差异，突显了农民在耕作行业面临的环境和经济波动。我们的研究产生了对食品和B类公司有用的排放效率指标，强调了希望提高可持续性绩效的公司统一数据和验证方法的重要性。我们的研究结果支持食品和B类公司更有效地与供应商合作，以负责任的方式减少第3类排放。

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引用次数: 0

Dye removal from wastewater using ferrihydrite-modified sugarcane bagasse and biochar: Adsorption performance and modeling analysis 铁酸盐改性甘蔗渣和生物炭对废水染料的去除：吸附性能和建模分析

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101390

Nipa Das , Saikat Barua , Md. Abul Kashem , Mohammad Moniruzzaman , Muhammad Shahriar Bashar , Md. Shoffikul Islam

Cationic and anionic dyes in wastewater pose significant environmental risks due to their toxicity, persistence, and mobility. To address this issue, sugarcane bagasse (SB) and its biochar (SBB) were treated with ferrihydrite (Fh) to produce cost-effective and durable adsorbents for the simultaneous removal of methylene blue (MB, cationic) and methyl orange (MO, anionic). In single-dye systems, the ferrihydrite-biochar composite (2Fh-SBB) achieved peak Langmuir adsorption capacities of 141.75 mg g⁻¹ for MB and 138.25 mg g⁻¹ for MO, outperforming SB, SBB, Fh, and 2Fh-SB. The Freundlich model further suggested heterogeneous adsorption behavior compatible with the composite's mixed carbon-ferrihydrite surface. The kinetic data were well characterized by the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.97–0.99), suggesting the participation of surface interactions; yet, kinetics alone cannot differentiate between physisorption and chemisorption. Temperature-dependent thermodynamic analyses (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) are necessary for conclusive mechanistic validation. Statistical diagnostics validated the reliability of the isotherm and kinetic parameters. MB adsorption favored alkaline conditions, while MO adsorption was higher at acidic pH, reflecting electrostatic influences relative to surface charge and pHPZC. In binary systems, MB adsorption was enhanced by MO, indicating partial synergistic effects associated with charge heterogeneity and improved Fh dispersion. Characterization tests (BET, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM-EDS) suggested that MB interacted with both carbon and Fh domains via electrostatic and π-π interactions, while MO adsorption involves Fe-O surface interactions. The substantial and largely stable adsorption fractions highlight the effectiveness of ferrihydrite modification in pollutant stabilization. Overall, 2Fh-SBB demonstrates strong potential as a low-cost, robust adsorbent for multi-dye wastewater treatment while promoting the valorization of agricultural waste.

废水中的阳离子和阴离子染料由于其毒性、持久性和流动性而对环境造成重大危害。为解决这一问题，采用水合铁（Fh）对蔗渣（SB）及其生物炭（SBB）进行了处理，制备了经济耐用的吸附剂，可同时去除亚甲基蓝（MB，阳离子）和甲基橙（MO，阴离子）。在单染料体系中，铁水化合物-生物炭复合物（2Fh-SBB）的Langmuir吸附量达到峰值，对MB的吸附量为141.75 mg g⁻¹，对MO的吸附量为138.25 mg g⁻¹，优于SB、SBB、Fh和2Fh-SB。Freundlich模型进一步表明，非均相吸附行为与复合材料的混合碳-铁水合物表面相容。动力学数据符合拟二阶模型（R²= 0.97-0.99），表明存在表面相互作用；然而，动力学本身并不能区分物理吸附和化学吸附。温度相关的热力学分析（ΔG°，ΔH°，ΔS°）对于结论性的机理验证是必要的。统计诊断验证了等温线和动力学参数的可靠性。MB在碱性条件下吸附效果更好，而MO在酸性条件下吸附效果更好，这反映了静电对表面电荷和pHPZC的影响。在二元体系中，MO对MB的吸附增强，表明与电荷非均质性和Fh分散改善有关的部分协同效应。表征测试（BET， zeta电位，FTIR, SEM-EDS）表明，MB通过静电和π-π相互作用与碳和Fh畴相互作用，而MO的吸附则涉及Fe-O表面相互作用。大量且稳定的吸附组分表明了水合铁改性在污染物稳定方面的有效性。总的来说，2Fh-SBB显示出强大的潜力，作为一种低成本，强大的吸附剂，用于多染料废水处理，同时促进农业废物的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of rice husk and azolla biomass for improving soil chemical properties under irrigation with contaminated anzali wetland water 污染安扎里湿地水灌溉条件下稻壳和稻壳生物量对土壤化学性质的影响

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101389

Fatemeh Bagheri , Jila Baharlouei , Banafsheh Khalili , Elham Chavoshi

Developing environmentally sound options for recycling agricultural residues and wetland plant biomass is of both economic and ecological importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochar and compost produced from rice (Oryza sativa) husk and Azolla (Azolla filiculoides) biomass, applied at 0, 2, and 4 %, on the chemical properties of a soil irrigated with Anzali wetland water (0, 2, and 4 %) over three- and six-month incubation periods. The experiment was a factorial on the basis of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The chemical properties of experimental treatments and treated soils were determined. The experimental treatments and their interactions significantly affected the measured parameters. Higher pH (8.0), EC (0.51 dS.m^-1), CEC (27.5 cmol kg^-1), OC (0.61), N (0.75 %), P (42), Na (60.7), K (91) and Mg (44.3 mg kg^-1) of Azolla biochar (especially at 4 % and six-month period) significantly improved soil chemical properties (higher soil fertility) in comparison with rice husk. However, rice husk had significantly higher PO₄ (9), NO₃ (11.5 mg l^-1), H (2.81), C (48 %) and Ca (88.5 mg kg^-1) than Azolla biochar. Interactions of biological fertilization and wetland water significantly ameliorated soil properties. Mixture of two biochars may be the more suitable treatment for improvement of soil polluted with wetland water. Azolla compost was also an effective treatment with comparable chemical properties similar to biochar treatments. These results indicate that locally produced Azolla and rice-husk amendments can contribute to waste valorization and improved soil fertility in areas irrigated with nutrient-rich wetland water.

为回收农业残留物和湿地植物生物量制定无害环境的选择方案具有经济和生态重要性。本研究的目的是评估生物炭和由水稻（Oryza sativa）外壳和杜鹃（Azolla filiculoides）生物质制成的堆肥，分别在0、2和4%的浓度下施用，对安扎利湿地水（0、2和4%）灌溉土壤3个月和6个月的化学性质的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），有3个重复。测定了试验处理和处理土壤的化学性质。实验处理及其相互作用对测量参数有显著影响。较高的pH值（8.0），EC （0.51 dS）。与稻壳相比，氮（0.75%）、磷（42%）、钠（60.7%）、钾（91%）和镁（44.3 Mg kg-1）显著改善了土壤化学性质（提高了土壤肥力）。稻壳的PO4(9)、NO3 （11.5 mg l-1）、H（2.81）、C（48%）和Ca （88.5 mg kg-1）含量显著高于Azolla生物炭。生物施肥和湿地水的相互作用显著改善了土壤性质。两种生物炭混合处理可能是改善湿地水污染土壤的更合适的处理方法。杜鹃花堆肥也是一种有效的处理方法，其化学性质与生物炭处理相似。这些结果表明，在营养丰富的湿地水灌溉地区，当地生产的杜鹃花和稻壳改良剂有助于废物增值和改善土壤肥力。

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引用次数: 0

A remediation approach for the petroleum industry using optimized biodegradable single-use SDS-surfactant in the treatment of soil contaminated with domestic-purpose-kerosene 利用优化的可生物降解的sds -表面活性剂修复石油工业中被家用煤油污染的土壤

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101388

Vincent Oshevwiyo Akpoveta , Ese Queen Umudi , Bright Ogbolu , Mabel Ajevwaye Afure , John Arigbede , John Opeyemi Thomas

Surfactants are known to aid in removing organic contaminants from soil. However, selecting a suitable surfactant for mitigating hydrocarbon pollution is an important environmental consideration during remediation. Previous studies report surfactant mixtures with a remediation focus on petroleum products, other than kerosene. This study focuses on applying an optimized biodegradable single-use sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant in treating domestic-purpose-kerosene (DPK)-contaminated soil. Soil quality indicators (pH, conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic carbon, organic matter, soil texture, and heavy metals), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels (as kerosene), and optimization protocols were determined using standard methods. Simulating soil with 10 % DPK increased TPH by 22,800.8 % (from 8.64 ppm to 1978.63 ppm) and affected soil quality indicators, except for heavy metals and soil texture. The optimization protocol yielded conditions (optimal SDS concentration of 2 % for soil treatment at pH 4.5, under ambient temperature) that can guide practical field-scale soil remediation strategies. TPH was significantly reduced, with a remediation rate of 84.65 % after 8 h of treatment. Most of the affected soil properties improved after treatment. The kinetics of the treatment process followed Pseudo-First order, with a rate constant of 0.215 h-1 and a calculated half-life of 3 h, 13 min, and 12 s. The associated advantages of this technique, especially in terms of efficiency and versatility, make it ideal for real field challenges. The observed remediation effectiveness from using SDS alone provides a viable option as a single-use surfactant for kerosene decontamination from soil, without the need for combination with other surfactants or remediation techniques, thereby reducing dependence on more expensive and complex multi-step techniques.

众所周知，表面活性剂有助于去除土壤中的有机污染物。然而，选择合适的表面活性剂来减轻烃污染是修复过程中重要的环境考虑因素。以前的研究报告表面活性剂混合物的修复重点是石油产品，而不是煤油。研究了一种经优化的可生物降解的一次性十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）表面活性剂对家用煤油（DPK）污染土壤的处理效果。采用标准方法测定土壤质量指标（pH、电导率、全氮、全磷、有机碳、有机质、土壤质地和重金属）、总石油烃（TPH）水平（如煤油）和优化方案。添加10% DPK的模拟土壤的TPH增加了22,800.8%（从8.64 ppm增加到1978.63 ppm），并影响了除重金属和土壤质地外的土壤质量指标。优化方案得出的最佳条件（pH为4.5，环境温度下，SDS浓度为2%）可以指导实际的田间土壤修复策略。处理8 h后，TPH显著降低，修复率为84.65%。经处理后，大部分受影响的土壤性质得到改善。处理过程动力学服从准一级，速率常数为0.215 h-1，计算半衰期为3 h， 13 min和12 s。该技术的相关优势，特别是在效率和通用性方面，使其成为解决实际现场挑战的理想选择。单独使用SDS所观察到的修复效果为土壤中煤油净化提供了一个可行的选择，无需与其他表面活性剂或修复技术结合使用，从而减少了对更昂贵和复杂的多步骤技术的依赖。

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引用次数: 0

Water resources management deficiencies from an environmental perspective: An assessment of the shanty towns of Peri-urban Metropolitan Lima 从环境角度看水资源管理的不足：对利马城郊棚户区的评估

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101386

Juan Carlos Pena Philippides , Kamal A. Alsharif , Luis Humberto Chirif Rivera , Christopher F. Meindl , Shawn M. Landry , Ricardo Izurieta

The rapid increase in population has a considerable influence on the environment and poses a substantial challenge for the development of peri‑urban areas worldwide. These human settlements are becoming increasingly common: shanty towns or peri‑urban areas, where essential services such as direct water supply and sewage systems are often deficient. The need for strategic planning to facilitate urban adaptation to emerging issues and mitigate adverse trends is substantial. This study examines the primary environmental issue of inaccessible direct water distribution and the lack of sanitation affecting peri‑urban metropolitan Lima, which is home to over 1 million residents.

The development in Lima's urban areas and shanty towns reflects a swift transformation in land use due to both regulated and unregulated urbanization. The population of the shantytowns in the peri‑urban region of Lima is generally impoverished. Water quality is a significant issue in the community, as water tanks are exposed to environmental influences and contaminated by various types of pollutants. Therefore, immediate intervention from the government is needed to guarantee that peri‑urban residents have access to safe drinking water: SEDAPAL managing water distribution and overseeing the water quality, and educating the communities on how to preserve water is an essential task. Research methods to ensure a proper analysis included GIS, community surveys, stakeholder interviews, and water sampling assessment by spectrophotometric analysis specifically for heavy metals. These assessments involve establishing accessible and sustainable water and sanitation systems for all communities and citizens. Nonetheless, there is a substantial population of shantytowns in the peri‑urban areas of metropolitan Lima.

人口的迅速增加对环境产生了相当大的影响，并对全世界城郊地区的发展构成了重大挑战。这些人类住区正变得越来越普遍：棚户区或城郊地区，那里往往缺乏直接供水和污水处理系统等基本服务。需要进行战略规划，以促进城市适应新出现的问题并缓解不利趋势。本研究考察了影响100多万居民居住的近郊大都市利马的主要环境问题，即无法直接供水和缺乏卫生设施。利马城区和棚户区的发展反映了受管制和不受管制的城市化导致的土地利用的迅速转变。利马城郊地区棚户区的人口普遍贫困。水质是社会的一个重要问题，因为水箱受到环境的影响，并受到各种污染物的污染。因此，需要政府立即进行干预，以确保城郊居民能够获得安全饮用水：seapal管理供水和监督水质，并教育社区如何保护水资源是一项重要任务。确保正确分析的研究方法包括地理信息系统、社区调查、利益相关者访谈以及通过分光光度法分析重金属的水样评估。这些评估涉及为所有社区和公民建立可获得和可持续的水和卫生系统。然而，在大都市利马的城郊地区有大量的棚户区人口。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental deregulation by design: Institutional capacities and the perils of Brazil’s new environmental licensing law 环境放松管制的设计：机构能力和巴西新环境许可法的危险

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101383

José Amorim Reis-Filho , Yram Lecht Fiterman , Tommaso Giarrizzo , Eurico Mesquita Noleto-Filho

Decentralizing environmental governance is often cast a route to greater administrative efficiency and local empowerment. Yet its ability to uphold socio-environmental safeguards remains under-scrutinized, particularly when authority is devolved to subnational entities with limited institutional capacity. Brazil faces its most severe regulatory rollback: The environmental legislation reform would dramatically expand municipal autonomy in environmental licensing—including for complex, high-impact projects—while weakening oversight mechanisms, community consultation, and technical safeguards. To evaluate the risks of this institutional shift, we assessed the environmental governance and institutional capacity of 1270 municipalities across all twenty-six Brazilian states. Using a multidimensional framework, we analyzed indicators such as the presence of municipal environmental secretariats, existence of local environmental legislation and councils, and availability of qualified technical staff. Our findings reveal widespread and persistent institutional fragility: most municipalities lack even the minimum structures required to conduct precautionary and effective environmental licensing. These deficits are especially acute in regions with lower Human Development Index (HDI) and in ecologically critical biomes such as the Amazon—home to the planet’s highest biodiversity—and the Caatinga, a uniquely Brazilian semiarid biome of high socioecological vulnerability. We also identify strong associations between territorial, socioeconomic, and environmental profiles of municipalities and their institutional readiness. We argue about the need to strengthen municipal capacity, standardize licensing procedures, and provide intergovernmental technical support before transferring complex projects to local authorities. Without these safeguards, decentralization could undermine Brazil’s environmental protection and its commitments under global frameworks. This study offers a national-scale diagnostic of subnational environmental governance and provides a scalable framework for assessing institutional capacity in countries facing similar deregulatory pressures.

下放环境管理权力往往被视为提高行政效率和赋予地方权力的途径。然而，其维护社会环境保障的能力仍未得到充分审查，特别是当权力下放给机构能力有限的次国家实体时。巴西面临着最严重的监管倒退：环境立法改革将极大地扩大市政在环境许可方面的自主权——包括复杂的、高影响的项目——同时削弱监督机制、社区咨询和技术保障。为了评估这种制度转变的风险，我们评估了巴西所有26个州的1270个城市的环境治理和制度能力。使用多维框架，我们分析了诸如市级环境秘书处的存在、地方环境立法和委员会的存在以及合格技术人员的可用性等指标。我们的研究结果揭示了普遍而持久的制度脆弱性：大多数市政当局甚至缺乏进行预防性和有效的环境许可所需的最低结构。这些缺陷在人类发展指数（HDI）较低的地区和生态关键型生物群系尤其严重，比如亚马逊——地球上生物多样性最高的家园——和Caatinga——巴西独有的半干旱生物群系，具有高度的社会生态脆弱性。我们还确定了城市的领土、社会经济和环境概况与其制度准备程度之间的密切联系。我们认为有必要加强市政能力，规范许可程序，并在将复杂项目移交给地方当局之前提供政府间技术支持。如果没有这些保障措施，权力下放可能会破坏巴西的环境保护及其在全球框架下的承诺。本研究提供了国家层面的次国家环境治理诊断，并提供了一个可扩展的框架，用于评估面临类似放松管制压力的国家的机构能力。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis, characterization, and response surface methodology-based parametric optimization of copper-modified LSX zeolite for efficient cyanide ion removal 铜改性LSX沸石的合成、表征及响应面法参数优化

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101385

Leta Dereje Wilessa, Abdi Nemera Imana PhD, Abdisa Jabesa PhD, Gadissa Tokuma Gindaba

Cyanide contamination from industrial and mining effluents poses a serious environmental and public health risk. This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and parametric optimization of copper-modified low-silica X (Cu-LSX) zeolite for efficient cyanide ions (CN⁻) removal. The adsorbent was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and copper ion exchange, and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The results show that Cu-LSX possesses a higher surface area (432.1 m²/g) than unmodified LSX (285.2 m²/g), along with improved porosity, stability, and a preserved crystalline structure. SEM image confirmed the formation of a porous morphology, which is suitable for adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm analysis for CN⁻ on the Cu-LSX zeolite showed that the Langmuir model (R² = 0.9975) provided a slightly better fit than the Freundlich model (R² = 0.9930). This suggests that CN⁻ adsorption proceeds predominantly via monolayer coverage on a homogeneous surface, indicating the Langmuir isotherm as the more appropriate model for describing the adsorption process. Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) (central composite design (CCD)) revealed an optimal CN⁻ removal efficiency of 96.7 %. The two-factor interaction (2FI) model provided the best fit (R² = 0.997), confirming the reliability of the predictions. These findings demonstrate that Cu-LSX zeolite is a robust, high-capacity adsorbent with significant potential for industrial wastewater treatment applications.

工业和采矿废水中的氰化物污染构成严重的环境和公共健康风险。本研究报道了铜修饰低硅X （Cu-LSX）沸石的合成、表征和参数优化，用于高效去除氰化物离子（CN⁻）。采用水热合成和铜离子交换法制备了该吸附剂，并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析（TGA）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）对其进行了表征。结果表明，Cu-LSX比未改性的LSX （285.2 m²/g）具有更高的表面积（432.1 m²/g），并且具有更好的孔隙率、稳定性和完整的晶体结构。SEM图像证实了多孔形态的形成，适合吸附。对Cu-LSX分子筛的平衡吸附等温线分析表明，Langmuir模型（R²= 0.9975）比Freundlich模型（R²= 0.9930）的拟合性稍好。这表明，CN -吸附主要是通过均匀表面的单层覆盖进行的，这表明Langmuir等温线是描述吸附过程更合适的模型。利用响应面法（RSM）（中心复合设计（CCD））对工艺参数进行优化，结果显示，最优的CN毒枭清除效率为96.7%。双因子交互作用（2FI）模型拟合最佳（R²= 0.997），证实了预测的可靠性。这些发现表明，Cu-LSX沸石是一种强大的，高容量吸附剂，具有巨大的工业废水处理应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Does the adoption of improved pulse technologies increase farm profitability in the face of climate risk? Evidence from coastal Bangladesh 面对气候风险，采用改进的脉冲技术是否能提高农场的盈利能力？来自孟加拉国沿海地区的证据

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101384

Nanda Dulal Kundu , Md. Taj Uddin , Andrila Sarker Shama , M. Nahid Sattar , Monoj Kumar Majumder , Md. Touhedul Islam Tushar , Md. Monirul Islam

Pulse crops are an important source of income, nutrition, and soil fertility for smallholders in coastal Bangladesh; however, their productivity remains low due to limited adoption of improved technologies. Evidence on how these technologies influence farm performance in climate-stressed environments remains scarce. This study assesses the adoption of improved pulse crop technologies (PCTs) and examines their effects on farm profitability and production efficiency across three major pulse crops. A multistage random sampling approach was used to select 360 farmers (120 mungbean growers, 120 grasspea growers, and 120 cowpea growers) from four coastal districts. The adoption index results show that the overall adoption rate of PCTs is moderate, with the highest adoption rate (0.73) driven by the high uptake of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Mung-6. Adoption is significantly influenced by education level, access to credit & training, market connectivity, and whether farming is the main occupation. A comparative profitability analysis reveals that adopters consistently achieve higher yields, as well as higher gross and net returns and benefit-cost ratios, across all pulse crops. Stochastic frontier analysis estimates show that adopters are more technically efficient than non-adopters. Causal estimates through propensity score matching confirm that adoption leads to meaningful improvements in productivity and profitability, highlighting the economic benefits of using improved PCTs in coastal farming systems. These findings underscore the need for policies that strengthen extension services, increase access to credit and quality inputs, and support the wider dissemination of climate-adaptive PCTs to enhance the resilience and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in vulnerable coastal regions.

豆类作物是孟加拉国沿海地区小农收入、营养和土壤肥力的重要来源；然而，由于改进技术的采用有限，它们的生产率仍然很低。在气候紧张的环境中，这些技术如何影响农业绩效的证据仍然很少。本研究评估了改良脉冲作物技术（pct）的采用情况，并考察了它们对三种主要脉冲作物的农场盈利能力和生产效率的影响。采用多阶段随机抽样方法，从四个沿海地区选取360名农民（绿豆种植者120名，草籽种植者120名，豇豆种植者120名）。采用指数结果表明，pct的总体采用率中等，其中最高采用率为0.73，主要受孟加拉国农业研究所（BARI） Mung-6的高采用率驱动。收养受教育程度、获得信贷和培训的机会、市场连通性以及农业是否是主要职业的显著影响。一项比较盈利能力分析显示，在所有豆类作物中，采用者始终能获得更高的产量，以及更高的总回报和净回报以及效益成本比。随机前沿分析估计表明，采用者在技术上比非采用者更有效率。通过倾向得分匹配进行的因果估计证实，采用可显著提高生产率和盈利能力，突出了在沿海农业系统中使用改进的pct的经济效益。这些研究结果强调，需要制定政策，加强推广服务，增加获得信贷和优质投入的机会，并支持更广泛地传播适应气候变化的pct，以增强脆弱沿海地区小农的抵御力和生计。

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引用次数: 0

Determinants of agroecological practices adoption in mango-based farming systems: Evidence from southern Ethiopia 在以芒果为基础的农业系统中采用农业生态实践的决定因素：来自埃塞俄比亚南部的证据

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101382

Fasikaw Belay Mihretu , Melkamu Alemayehu , Mengistie Mossie , Yayeh Bitew , Tadele Tefera

Agroecological practices are a promising strategy for improving the productivity of mango-based farming systems sustainably. However, their adoptions among farmers in Ethiopia remain low and inconsistent. Despite their potential benefits, little is known about the extent of adoption, the interdependent nature of these practices, and the determinants associated with the farmers' decisions to adopt multiple agroecological practices. Hence, this investigation explores the determinants associated with the adoption of agroecological practices in mango-based farming systems in southern Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed-methods design using 395 randomly selected households. The multivariate probit and Poisson regression models were used for data analysis. Findings showed that crop diversification (90.63 %), integrated pest management (55.7 %), canopy management (53.16 %), organic fertilizer application (48.1 %), and topworking (27.09 %) of mango trees were the most commonly implemented agroecological practices that have significant complementarity. The multivariate probit model showed that farmers’ adoption of agroecological practices was positively associated with education, access to training, farmer experience, tree density, awareness of pest information, access to credit, and farm inputs. The Poisson regression analysis also indicated that older farmers tended to adopt fewer agroecological practices, whereas education, tree density, training, farm experience, and farm input use were positively associated with farmers' intensity to adopt the agroecological practices. Therefore, the study suggests that the extension program should focus on introducing context and site-specific agroecological practices and support farmers with relevant skill and knowledge training as well as input supplies. Moreover, policies and support programs should prioritize the dissemination of best agroecological practices and lessons learned elsewhere to smallholder farmers.

农业生态实践是可持续提高以芒果为基础的农业系统生产力的一种有前途的战略。然而，埃塞俄比亚农民对它们的采用率仍然很低且不稳定。尽管它们有潜在的好处，但人们对采用的程度、这些做法的相互依存性质以及与农民决定采用多种农业生态做法有关的决定因素知之甚少。因此，本调查探讨了埃塞俄比亚南部以芒果为基础的农业系统中采用农业生态实践的决定因素。该研究采用混合方法设计，随机选择395个家庭。采用多元probit和泊松回归模型进行数据分析。结果表明，作物多样化（90.63%）、病虫害综合治理（55.7%）、树冠管理（53.16%）、施用有机肥（48.1%）和对芒果树进行顶耕（27.09%）是最常用的具有显著互补性的农业生态措施。多变量probit模型显示，农民采用农业生态实践与教育程度、获得培训的机会、农民经验、树木密度、害虫信息意识、获得信贷的机会和农业投入呈正相关。泊松回归分析还表明，年龄较大的农民倾向于较少采用农业生态实践，而教育程度、树木密度、培训、农场经验和农场投入使用与农民采用农业生态实践的强度呈正相关。因此，研究建议推广项目应侧重于引入因地制宜的农业生态实践，并向农民提供相关的技能和知识培训以及投入物供应。此外，政策和支持方案应优先向小农传播最佳生态农业实践和其他地方的经验教训。

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引用次数: 0