Significance of Fe3O4-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a rotating geometry embedded with particle shape and thermal radiation

The current study aims to explore the three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) Darcy-Forchheimer flow of radiative hybrid nanofluid over a rotating stretching sheet. The investigation also considers the impact of thermal radiation and the spherical shape of the particles. Present examinations copper (Cu) and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles are dispersed in water (H₂O) to form the hybrid nanofluid used for analysis. The influence of inertial force and thermal radiation also incorporated in the energy equation. The mathematical model which comprised of partial differential equations (PDEs). Transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity transformations. The numerical and graphical solutions of these ODEs are obtained with the help of bvp4c and MATLAB algorithm. The outcomes signify that the effect on the velocity profile of x-component is decline when large input values of magnetic parameter, porosity parameter, rotation parameter and inertial coefficient and opposite behaviors show in y-component of velocity profile. Based on the data, the results reveal a 39.1 % enhancement in heat transfer when transitioning from a nanofluid to a hybrid nanofluid at $\lambda =0.3$. Additionally, a 36 % reduction is observed as the magnetic field strength increases from 0.5 to 2.0. Also, observe that temperature profile boost up against rotation parameter and radiation parameter. Present results are compared with the previous ones shows good agreement.