旧石器时代拉斯科洞穴中与黑暗变化有关的微生物多样性和次级代谢潜力。

IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1038/s41522-024-00589-3
Zélia Bontemps, Danis Abrouk, Sita Venier, Pierre Vergne, Serge Michalet, Gilles Comte, Yvan Moënne-Loccoz, Mylène Hugoni
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在旧石器时代的洞穴中旅游会造成洞穴微生物群的失衡,并导致洞壁的改变,如暗区。然而,暗区形成的驱动机制仍不清楚。我们使用猎枪元基因组学在拉斯科洞穴的 Apse 和 Passage 进行了为期两年的研究,对暗区与附近无标记表面的微生物多样性和新陈代谢潜力的代谢条形码衍生功能假说进行了测试。不同年份的分类和功能元基因组图谱是一致的,但不同洞穴地点的分类和功能元基因组图谱是不同的。芳香化合物降解基因在暗区内外都很普遍,这与过去使用生物杀灭剂的情况相符。暗区的色素生物合成潜力(黑色素和类胡萝卜素)和黑色素的化学成分都有所提高,而无标记的表面则出现了生产抗菌素的基因,这表明抗生素可能限制了色素微生物的发展和暗区的扩展。因此,这项研究揭示了与暗区形成相关的关键微生物功能特征,有助于了解严重人类化条件下洞穴的改变过程。
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Microbial diversity and secondary metabolism potential in relation to dark alterations in Paleolithic Lascaux Cave.

Tourism in Paleolithic caves can cause an imbalance in cave microbiota and lead to cave wall alterations, such as dark zones. However, the mechanisms driving dark zone formation remain unclear. Using shotgun metagenomics in Lascaux Cave's Apse and Passage across two years, we tested metabarcoding-derived functional hypotheses regarding microbial diversity and metabolic potential in dark zones vs unmarked surfaces nearby. Taxonomic and functional metagenomic profiles were consistent across years but divergent between cave locations. Aromatic compound degradation genes were prevalent inside and outside dark zones, as expected from past biocide usage. Dark zones exhibited enhanced pigment biosynthesis potential (melanin and carotenoids) and melanin was evidenced chemically, while unmarked surfaces showed genes for antimicrobials production, suggesting that antibiosis might restrict the development of pigmented microorganisms and dark zone extension. Thus, this work revealed key functional microbial traits associated with dark zone formation, which helps understand cave alteration processes under severe anthropization.

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来源期刊
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Immunology and Microbiology-Microbiology
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
3.30%
发文量
91
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: npj Biofilms and Microbiomes is a comprehensive platform that promotes research on biofilms and microbiomes across various scientific disciplines. The journal facilitates cross-disciplinary discussions to enhance our understanding of the biology, ecology, and communal functions of biofilms, populations, and communities. It also focuses on applications in the medical, environmental, and engineering domains. The scope of the journal encompasses all aspects of the field, ranging from cell-cell communication and single cell interactions to the microbiomes of humans, animals, plants, and natural and built environments. The journal also welcomes research on the virome, phageome, mycome, and fungome. It publishes both applied science and theoretical work. As an open access and interdisciplinary journal, its primary goal is to publish significant scientific advancements in microbial biofilms and microbiomes. The journal enables discussions that span multiple disciplines and contributes to our understanding of the social behavior of microbial biofilm populations and communities, and their impact on life, human health, and the environment.
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