An improved barrier function double integral sliding mode control of SynRM for hybrid energy storage system-based electric vehicle

Electric vehicles (EVs) are acquiring a reputation in the transportation industry as an environment-friendly replacement for traditional vehicles. Three energy sources, comprised of the fuel cell, battery and an ultra-capacitor, are used to form the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of the EV under consideration. The synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) is employed as the electric motor to drive the EV, considering its remarkable efficiency, minimal losses, and lack of magnetic material. Due to their nonlinear behaviour, the major components like energy sources and SynRM deviate from the normal behaviour when driving under extreme conditions. The conventional integral sliding mode control (ISMC) has deteriorated performance in the case of disturbances. To tackle these problems, the novel barrier function double integral sliding mode controller (BF-DISMC) is proposed for the control of the HESS and SynRM of the EV. The proposed BF-DISMC provides bounded disturbance rejection. The simulation of designed controllers demonstrates the effectiveness and superior performance over conventional ISMC and double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC). The BF-DISMC successfully eliminates chattering and exhibits a reduction of 2.22% and 3.45% in peak ripple, 35.74% and 66.07% in rise time, 88.90% and 97.49% in root mean square error, along with 37.08% and 65.92% in settling time compared to DISMC and ISMC techniques, respectively, for DC bus voltage tracking. The resilience against disturbances has been validated using the robustness test. Lastly, the experimental results utilizing the hardware-in-loop (HIL) framework are presented to validate the proposed controller.