将现代非洲生态系统作为重建林木覆盖和早期类人猿环境的景观尺度类比。

IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Human Evolution Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103604
Enquye W. Negash , Zeresenay Alemseged , W. Andrew Barr , Anna K. Behrensmeyer , Scott A. Blumenthal , René Bobe , Susana Carvalho , Thure E. Cerling , Kendra L. Chritz , Elizabeth McGuire , Kevin T. Uno , Bernard Wood , Jonathan G. Wynn
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引用次数: 0

摘要

重建可供类人猿利用的栖息地类型以及推断古地貌如何随着时间的推移而变化,是检验有关驱动两足动物出现、工具使用、饮食习惯改变和逐步脑化的选择性压力假说的关键步骤。木本植被数量和分布的变化被认为是影响早期类人进化的重要因素之一。以前重建非洲东部类人化石遗址林木覆盖率的模型使用的是全球尺度的现代土壤比较数据集。我们对土壤有机物质中碳同位素的更高空间分辨率研究基于 26 个现代非洲地点,从热带草地为主的稀树草原到森林。我们利用这个数据集生成了一个新的东非特有的林木覆盖模型(EAWCM),该模型表明东非的类人遗址的林木覆盖率比基于以前模型的重建结果高出13%。使用 EAWCM 重建的结果表明,在过去的 600 万年中,非洲东部出现了广泛的林地/灌木丛和有林草地,并向以 C4 为主的地貌转变。我们的研究结果表明,树木覆盖率为 10-80%的树木-C4 草地混合草原(而不是树木覆盖率为 10-80%的纯草地)在过去的 600 万年中一直是以 C4 为主导的。
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Modern African ecosystems as landscape-scale analogues for reconstructing woody cover and early hominin environments
Reconstructing habitat types available to hominins and inferring how the paleo-landscape changed through time are critical steps in testing hypotheses about the selective pressures that drove the emergence of bipedalism, tool use, a change in diet, and progressive encephalization. Change in the amount and distribution of woody vegetation has been suggested as one of the important factors that shaped early hominin evolution. Previous models for reconstructing woody cover at eastern African hominin fossil sites used global-scale modern soil comparative datasets. Our higher-spatial-resolution study of carbon isotopes in soil organic matter is based on 26 modern African locations, ranging from tropical grass-dominated savannas to forests. We used this dataset to generate a new Eastern Africa–specific Woody Cover Model (EAWCM), which indicates that eastern African hominin sites were up to 13% more wooded than reconstructions based on previous models. Reconstructions using the EAWCM indicate widespread woodlands/bushlands and wooded grasslands and a shift toward C4-dominated landscapes in eastern Africa over the last 6 million years. Our results indicate that mixed tree–C4 grass savannas with 10–80% tree cover (but not pure grasslands with <10 % tree cover) dominated early hominin paleoenvironments. Landscapes with these biomes are marked by exceptional heterogeneity, which posed challenges and offered opportunities to early hominins that likely contributed to major behavioral and morphological shifts in the hominin clade.
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来源期刊
Journal of Human Evolution
Journal of Human Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
15.60%
发文量
104
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Human Evolution concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution. The central focus is aimed jointly at paleoanthropological work, covering human and primate fossils, and at comparative studies of living species, including both morphological and molecular evidence. These include descriptions of new discoveries, interpretative analyses of new and previously described material, and assessments of the phylogeny and paleobiology of primate species. Submissions should address issues and questions of broad interest in paleoanthropology.
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