在土耳其菠菜、胡萝卜、奶酪和牛奶中存在艰难梭菌。

IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Anaerobe Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102933
Gizem Taylan Yalçın , Melike Nur Tosun Demir , Gizem Korkmazer , Alper Akçalı , Nükhet Nilüfer Demirel Zorba
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在水、土壤、肥料和动物粪便中存在艰难梭菌,表明与这些来源接触或通过间接途径被污染的食物中可能存在艰难梭菌。材料和方法:共检测了431份样品,包括菠菜和胡萝卜以及从奶牛、山羊、水牛和绵羊中获得的生牛奶和奶酪,以检查难辨梭菌的存在。分离物通过实时PCR鉴定,核糖体分型,并测定其毒素谱。采用E-test评价对万古霉素、克林霉素和甲硝唑的敏感性。结果:菠菜3.27%(4/122)、胡萝卜1.85%(2/108)、牛奶2.19%(2/91)检出难辨梭菌。奶酪中未检出艰难梭菌(n=110)。所有分离株均来自不同的田地/农场。只有一种分离物(来自菠菜)携带tcdA和tcdB毒素基因。检测到6种不同的PCR核糖型,鉴定出2种(001,060)。所有分离株均对万古霉素、克林霉素和甲硝唑敏感。结论:选定地区菠菜、胡萝卜和牛奶样品中艰难梭菌的流行率较低,非产毒菌株普遍存在。尽管患病率很低,但在这些食品中检测到艰难梭菌突出了该病原体食源性传播的潜在风险,并强调了监测和控制战略的必要性,以确保食品安全。
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Presence of Clostridioides difficile on spinach, carrots, cheese and milk in Turkey

Introduction

The presence of Clostridioides difficile in water, soil, fertilizers, and animal feces suggests the potential existence of C. difficile in foods that come into contact with these sources or become contaminated through indirect means.

Material & method

A total of 431 samples, consisting of spinach and carrots and raw milk and cheese obtained from cows, goats, buffalo, and sheep, were examined for the presence of C. difficile. Isolates were identified by real-time PCR, ribotyped, and their toxin profiles were determined. Antibiotic susceptibility to vancomycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole was evaluated using the E-test.

Results

C. difficile was detected in 3.27 % (4/122) of spinach, 1.85 % (2/108) of carrots, and 2.19 % (2/91) of milk samples. No C. difficile was detected in the cheeses (n = 110). All isolates were obtained from different fields/farms. Only one isolate (from spinach) carried the tcdA and tcdB toxin genes. Six different PCR ribotypes were detected, with two (001, 060) being identified. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole.

Conclusion

The prevalence of C. difficile in spinach, carrot, and milk samples from selected regions was low, and nontoxigenic strains were prevalent. Despite the low prevalence, the detection of C. difficile in these foods highlights the potential risk of foodborne transmission of this pathogen and underscores the need for monitoring and control strategies to ensure food safety.
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来源期刊
Anaerobe
Anaerobe 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.70%
发文量
137
审稿时长
76 days
期刊介绍: Anaerobe is essential reading for those who wish to remain at the forefront of discoveries relating to life processes of strictly anaerobes. The journal is multi-disciplinary, and provides a unique forum for those investigating anaerobic organisms that cause infections in humans and animals, as well as anaerobes that play roles in microbiomes or environmental processes. Anaerobe publishes reviews, mini reviews, original research articles, notes and case reports. Relevant topics fall into the broad categories of anaerobes in human and animal diseases, anaerobes in the microbiome, anaerobes in the environment, diagnosis of anaerobes in clinical microbiology laboratories, molecular biology, genetics, pathogenesis, toxins and antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.
期刊最新文献
Regulatory networks: Linking toxin production and sporulation in Clostridioides difficile Veillonella orientalis sp. nov., an anaerobic Gram-stain-negaitve coccus isolated from saliva of a Thai child Chitin promotes equol production via n-acetylglucosamine in human fecal cultures Clostridioides difficile hypervirulent strain ST1 isolated from clinical stool specimens obtained from three Provinces in South Africa New insights into the factors influencing methanogenic pathways in anaerobic digesters
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