Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103018
Justin Ong , Sreekari Kedarisetti , Meenakshi Kurup , Pooja Belligund , Mohammad Al-Ajam , Aahana Gaur , Aleksey Fiksman
We present a rare case of Eggerthia catenaformis causing an intratumoral lung abscess in metastatic adenocarcinoma. Despite catheter drainage and broad-spectrum antibiotics, the infection persisted, prompting salvage intracavitary antibiotic instillation with poor response. This case highlights the diagnostic advances, therapeutic attempts, and importance of oral evaluation in anaerobic pulmonary infections.
{"title":"Intratumoral lung abscess from Eggerthia catenaformis in metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A case report","authors":"Justin Ong , Sreekari Kedarisetti , Meenakshi Kurup , Pooja Belligund , Mohammad Al-Ajam , Aahana Gaur , Aleksey Fiksman","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a rare case of <em>Eggerthia catenaformis</em> causing an intratumoral lung abscess in metastatic adenocarcinoma. Despite catheter drainage and broad-spectrum antibiotics, the infection persisted, prompting salvage intracavitary antibiotic instillation with poor response. This case highlights the diagnostic advances, therapeutic attempts, and importance of oral evaluation in anaerobic pulmonary infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145686790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103011
Bruce A. McClane , Jihong Li , Francisco A. Uzal , Julian I. Rood
Clostridium perfringens is an important human and veterinary pathogen, as well as a common member of the normal intestinal microbiota. By applying molecular approaches, substantial progress has been achieved since 1995 in understanding the pathogenicity and biology of this gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium. For example, there is now a much improved understanding of the structure and action of its “legacy” toxins (i.e., CPA, PFO, ETX, CPB, ITX and CPE) and the pathogenic importance of many of those toxins has now been clearly demonstrated. In addition, several new toxins have been discovered since 1995 and at least one of those new toxins (NetB) has been clearly linked to disease. The importance and diversity of mobile genetic elements, particularly conjugative plasmids, for pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance is now established. Several regulators controlling virulence gene expression have been identified and, in some cases, their regulatory mechanisms have been clarified. For some regulators, their importance for virulence has also been demonstrated. Lastly, there is also improved knowledge of sporulation and germination mechanisms for C. perfringens, as well as how sporulation contributes to disease transmission and pathogenesis for this bacterium. Despite these advances, some important questions about C. perfringens remain to be explored.
{"title":"Milestones in Clostridium perfringens research since 1995","authors":"Bruce A. McClane , Jihong Li , Francisco A. Uzal , Julian I. Rood","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Clostridium perfrin</em>gens is an important human and veterinary pathogen, as well as a common member of the normal intestinal microbiota. By applying molecular approaches, substantial progress has been achieved since 1995 in understanding the pathogenicity and biology of this gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium. For example, there is now a much improved understanding of the structure and action of its “legacy” toxins (i.e., CPA, PFO, ETX, CPB, ITX and CPE) and the pathogenic importance of many of those toxins has now been clearly demonstrated. In addition, several new toxins have been discovered since 1995 and at least one of those new toxins (NetB) has been clearly linked to disease. The importance and diversity of mobile genetic elements, particularly conjugative plasmids, for pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance is now established. Several regulators controlling virulence gene expression have been identified and, in some cases, their regulatory mechanisms have been clarified. For some regulators, their importance for virulence has also been demonstrated. Lastly, there is also improved knowledge of sporulation and germination mechanisms for <em>C. perfringens</em>, as well as how sporulation contributes to disease transmission and pathogenesis for this bacterium. Despite these advances, some important questions about <em>C. perfringens</em> remain to be explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103008
Atefeh Rezaei , Mohammad Taheri , Mohammad Yousef Alikhani , Rasoul YousefiMashouf , Maryam Hasanzarrini , Babak Asghari
Background
The role of specific gut microbial strains in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains incompletely understood. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), particularly its toxin gene (bft) isotypes, has been linked to CRC, but strain-specific contributions need further elucidation.
Materials and methods
In this case-control study, stool samples from 60 CRC patients and 60 matched healthy controls were collected at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan, Iran (2023–2024). B. fragilis isolates were cultured and confirmed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The presence of bft, fpn, nanH, and leuB genes was assessed using multiplex and conventional PCR. Gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR, and genetic diversity analyzed with REP-PCR.
Results
ETBF carriage (any bft) was significantly higher in CRC patients compared to controls (85.0 % vs. 66.7 %; p = 0.036, OR = 2.78). The bft-2 isotype was notably enriched in CRC cases (55.8 % vs. 16.7 %; p < 0.001, OR = 6.27), whereas bft-1 predominated in controls. Multiple bft alleles including rare bft-3 (always co-occurring with bft-2 in metastatic cases) were mainly found in advanced tumors. Accessory virulence genes fpn (31.4 % vs. 17.5 %; p = 0.048) and nanH (56.7 % vs. 26.7 %; p = 0.002) were also more prevalent in CRC isolates. Transcription levels of bft, fpn, and nanH increased 3.2- to 5.1-fold in CRC strains, correlating with tumor stage. No significant differences were seen for leuB. Tumor anatomical location did not affect gene prevalence or expression.
Conclusions
bft-2-positive B. fragilis strains are significantly associated with CRC, highlighting bft-2 as a promising biomarker candidate. Longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted to confirm its diagnostic and prognostic utility.
背景：特定肠道微生物菌株在结直肠癌（CRC）中的作用尚不完全清楚。产肠毒素的脆弱拟杆菌（ETBF），特别是其毒素基因（bft）同型型，与结直肠癌有关，但菌株特异性的贡献需要进一步阐明。材料和方法：在本病例对照研究中，收集了伊朗哈马丹Shahid Beheshti医院（2023-2024）60例结直肠癌患者和60例匹配的健康对照者的粪便样本。采用16S rRNA PCR对脆弱芽孢杆菌进行分离培养和鉴定。使用多重PCR和常规PCR评估bft、fpn、nanH和leuB基因的存在。采用qRT-PCR分析基因表达，REP-PCR分析基因多样性。结果：CRC患者的ETBF携带量（任何bft）明显高于对照组（85.0% vs. 66.7%; p=0.036， OR=2.78）。结论：bft-2阳性脆弱芽孢杆菌菌株与CRC显著相关，表明bft-2是一种有前景的生物标志物候选者。有必要进行纵向和机制研究，以证实其诊断和预后的效用。
{"title":"Strain-specific genetic signatures of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) reveal bft-2 as a candidate biomarker for colorectal cancer","authors":"Atefeh Rezaei , Mohammad Taheri , Mohammad Yousef Alikhani , Rasoul YousefiMashouf , Maryam Hasanzarrini , Babak Asghari","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The role of specific gut microbial strains in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains incompletely understood. Enterotoxigenic <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> (ETBF), particularly its toxin gene (<em>bft</em>) isotypes, has been linked to CRC, but strain-specific contributions need further elucidation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this case-control study, stool samples from 60 CRC patients and 60 matched healthy controls were collected at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan, Iran (2023–2024). <em>B. fragilis</em> isolates were cultured and confirmed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The presence of <em>bft</em>, <em>fpn</em>, <em>nanH</em>, and <em>leuB</em> genes was assessed using multiplex and conventional PCR. Gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR, and genetic diversity analyzed with REP-PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ETBF carriage (any <em>bft</em>) was significantly higher in CRC patients compared to controls (85.0 % vs. 66.7 %; p = 0.036, OR = 2.78). The <em>bft</em>-2 isotype was notably enriched in CRC cases (55.8 % vs. 16.7 %; p < 0.001, OR = 6.27), whereas <em>bft</em>-1 predominated in controls. Multiple <em>bft</em> alleles including rare <em>bft</em>-3 (always co-occurring with <em>bft</em>-2 in metastatic cases) were mainly found in advanced tumors. Accessory virulence genes <em>fpn</em> (31.4 % vs. 17.5 %; p = 0.048) and <em>nanH</em> (56.7 % vs. 26.7 %; p = 0.002) were also more prevalent in CRC isolates. Transcription levels of <em>bft</em>, <em>fpn</em>, and <em>nanH</em> increased 3.2- to 5.1-fold in CRC strains, correlating with tumor stage. No significant differences were seen for <em>leuB</em>. Tumor anatomical location did not affect gene prevalence or expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>bft-2-positive <em>B. fragilis</em> strains are significantly associated with CRC, highlighting <em>bft</em>-2 as a promising biomarker candidate. Longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted to confirm its diagnostic and prognostic utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103017
Slim Hmidi , Sophie Edouard , Jérémy Delerce , Aurélia Caputo , Carine Couderc , Simon Robinne , Pierre-Edouard Fournier , Anthony Levasseur , Hervé Chaudet , Nadim Cassir
Purpose
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality. A CDI diagnosis involves a clinical assessment and laboratory testing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in identifying toxigenic C. difficile strains.
Methods
From May 2019 to March 2024, all clinical samples received for C. difficile and toxins testing by PCR were also tested by culture under anaerobic conditions. At least one MALDI-TOF spectrum was used to identify all the C. difficile strains that were isolated. Whole genome sequencing was then performed to characterise the C. difficile isolates by searching for toxin genes. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms were used to distinguish between toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. difficile strains.
Results
A total of 389 C. difficile strains, isolated from the stools of 315 patients, were analyzed. Of these, 249 were toxigenic (225 ToxA + B + CDT−, 22 ToxA + B + CDT+, and 2 ToxA−B + CDT+), and 140 were non-toxigenic (ToxA−B−CDT−). The support vector machine algorithm produced the most accurate results (91.5 % accuracy and a κ value of 0.831) with high sensitivity (93.1 %) and specificity (90 %), as well as high positive and negative predictive values (PPV of 90.3 % and NPV of 92.3 %, respectively). The random forest algorithm demonstrated accuracies as high as 87.7 %.
Conclusions
Supervised machine learning paves the way for inexpensive and easy-to-use alternative methods that enable the use of MALDI-TOF MS to recognise toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. difficile strains.
{"title":"MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning: an accurate tool to detect toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains","authors":"Slim Hmidi , Sophie Edouard , Jérémy Delerce , Aurélia Caputo , Carine Couderc , Simon Robinne , Pierre-Edouard Fournier , Anthony Levasseur , Hervé Chaudet , Nadim Cassir","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality. A CDI diagnosis involves a clinical assessment and laboratory testing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in identifying toxigenic <em>C. difficile</em> strains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From May 2019 to March 2024, all clinical samples received for <em>C. difficile</em> and toxins testing by PCR were also tested by culture under anaerobic conditions. At least one MALDI-TOF spectrum was used to identify all the <em>C. difficile</em> strains that were isolated. Whole genome sequencing was then performed to characterise the <em>C. difficile</em> isolates by searching for toxin genes. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms were used to distinguish between toxigenic and non-toxigenic <em>C. difficile</em> strains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 389 <em>C. difficile</em> strains, isolated from the stools of 315 patients, were analyzed. Of these, 249 were toxigenic (225 ToxA + B + CDT−, 22 ToxA + B + CDT+, and 2 ToxA−B + CDT+), and 140 were non-toxigenic (ToxA−B−CDT−). The support vector machine algorithm produced the most accurate results (91.5 % accuracy and a κ value of 0.831) with high sensitivity (93.1 %) and specificity (90 %), as well as high positive and negative predictive values (PPV of 90.3 % and NPV of 92.3 %, respectively). The random forest algorithm demonstrated accuracies as high as 87.7 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Supervised machine learning paves the way for inexpensive and easy-to-use alternative methods that enable the use of MALDI-TOF MS to recognise toxigenic and non-toxigenic <em>C. difficile</em> strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145653480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103016
Linglan Suo , Rao Li , Menghe Chen , Xin Ma , Dayong Ren , Ji Wang
Background
Immune dysfunction underlies numerous diseases. While Akkermansia muciniphila exhibits immunomodulatory potential, the efficacy of its heat-inactivated form remains incompletely characterized.
Methods
This study investigated whether oral heat-inactivated A. muciniphila AKK PROBIO alleviates cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice and elucidated mechanisms. Mice received CTX injections followed by oral heat-inactivated A. muciniphila for 14 days. Analyses included body/organ indices, hematology (WBC, RBC, HGB, lymphocytes), serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), liver antioxidants (CAT, GSH-PX, SOD), splenic cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α), immune organ histopathology, immune function (ear swelling, carbon clearance), splenic NF-κB/MAPK gene expression, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Results
Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila significantly reversed CTX-induced weight loss, hematological abnormalities, reduced immunoglobulins, and immune organ damage. It enhanced liver antioxidant activity and restored immune function (increased ear swelling, improved carbon clearance). Cytokine imbalances were corrected: suppressed cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α) increased, while elevated ones (IL-4, IL-8, IFN-γ) decreased. The treatment downregulated overactivated splenic NF-κB/MAPK signaling. Gut dysbiosis was ameliorated via reduced Bacteroidota/Bacillota ratio and enrichment of beneficial taxa (e.g., o_Clostridia_UCG-014). Reduced SCFAs, particularly propanoic and isovaleric acid, were replenished.
Conclusions
In conclusion, heat-inactivated A. muciniphila AKK PROBIO effectively counteracts CTX-induced immunosuppression through multi-faceted mechanisms involving immune restoration, antioxidant enhancement, NF-κB/MAPK pathway regulation, and gut microbiota correction, highlighting its promise as a safe postbiotic therapeutic agent.
The PCR-ribotype (RT) 017-lineage of Clostridioides difficile, which is toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive, and binary toxin-negative (A−B+CDT−), has been endemic/epidemics particularly in Asia. In Japan, since the early 2000s, among RT017-lineage C. difficile, RT017 has been replaced by RT369, which is multidrug-resistant and has been responsible for outbreaks. We report a rapid method for identifying A−B+C. difficile using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
Methods
We analyzed 79 toxigenic isolates, including 37 A−B+CDT− isolates and 42 isolates with other toxin profiles (A+B+CDT−, A+B+CDT+, and A−B+CDT+).
Results
Peaks at m/z 3289 and 3245 were detected in all 37 A−B+CDT−C. difficile, including the 22 RT369 isolates, but not in 42 non-A-B+CDT− isolates. The method showed 100 % sensitivity and specificity in detecting A−B+CDT−.
Conclusions
The Identification of RT017-lineage C. difficile including RT369, which is an A−B+CDT− strain causing outbreaks in Japan, by MALDI-TOF MS can be used as an additional tool to be implemented in the routine identification processes. The difference of media often used for C. difficile culture in clinical laboratories, did not affect the MALDI-TOF MS results.
目的：艰难梭菌（clostridiides difficile）的pcr -核糖型（RT） 017谱系是毒素a阴性、毒素b阳性和双毒素阴性（A-B+CDT-），特别是在亚洲流行。在日本，自21世纪初以来，在RT017谱系艰难梭菌中，RT017已被RT369所取代，RT369具有多重耐药性，是导致疫情爆发的原因。我们报道了一种快速鉴别a - b +C的方法。艰难梭菌采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法（MALDI-TOF MS）。方法：对79株产毒株进行分析，包括37株A-B+CDT-毒株和42株其他毒株（A+B+CDT-、A+B+CDT+和A-B+CDT+）。结果：37例A-B+CDT-C均检测到m/z 3289和3245峰。艰难梭菌，包括22株RT369分离株，但不包括42株非a - b +CDT分离株。该方法检测A-B+CDT-的灵敏度和特异性均为100%。结论：采用MALDI-TOF质谱法鉴定包括RT369在内的rt017系艰难梭菌，可作为常规鉴定过程的补充工具。临床实验室培养艰难梭菌所用培养基的不同，对MALDI-TOF MS结果没有影响。
{"title":"Identifying PCR-ribotype 017-lineage isolates of Clostridioides difficile using MALDI-TOF MS","authors":"Yumiko Matsuyama , Mitsutoshi Senoh , Hiroshi Miyamoto , Haru Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The PCR-ribotype (RT) 017-lineage of <em>Clostridioides difficile</em>, which is toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive, and binary toxin-negative (A<sup>−</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>−</sup>), has been endemic/epidemics particularly in Asia. In Japan, since the early 2000s, among RT017-lineage <em>C. difficile</em>, RT017 has been replaced by RT369, which is multidrug-resistant and has been responsible for outbreaks. We report a rapid method for identifying A<sup>−</sup>B<sup>+</sup> <em>C. difficile</em> using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 79 toxigenic isolates, including 37 A<sup>−</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>−</sup> isolates and 42 isolates with other toxin profiles (A<sup>+</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>−</sup>, A<sup>+</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>+</sup>, and A<sup>−</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>+</sup>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peaks at <em>m/z</em> 3289 and 3245 were detected in all 37 A<sup>−</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>−</sup> <em>C. difficile,</em> including the 22 RT369 isolates, but not in 42 non-A<sup>-</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>−</sup> isolates. The method showed 100 % sensitivity and specificity in detecting A<sup>−</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>−</sup>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Identification of RT017-lineage <em>C. difficile</em> including RT369, which is an A<sup>−</sup>B<sup>+</sup>CDT<sup>−</sup> strain causing outbreaks in Japan, by MALDI-TOF MS can be used as an additional tool to be implemented in the routine identification processes. The difference of media often used for <em>C. difficile</em> culture in clinical laboratories, did not affect the MALDI-TOF MS results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103014
Alida C.M. Veloo , Ádám Visnyovszki , Miriam Cordovana , Simone Ambretti , Kathleen Boiten , Arthur B. Pranada , Samo Jeverica , Károly P. Sárvári , Elisabeth Nagy , József Sóki , the ESCMID Study Group on Anaerobic Infections
We investigated metronidazole resistance mechanism in Bacteroides fragilis group strains isolated from four European countries. Among 581 isolates we identified 10 nim-positive (nimACDEH) isolates that had the genes on various plasmids or on the chromosome. The nim-positive strains harbored more cfiA genes than it could usually be detected among B. fragilis strains.
{"title":"Insight into the recent situation of metronidazole resistance and nim gene positivity in Bacteroides fragilis group isolates from Germany, Hungary, Italy and Slovenia","authors":"Alida C.M. Veloo , Ádám Visnyovszki , Miriam Cordovana , Simone Ambretti , Kathleen Boiten , Arthur B. Pranada , Samo Jeverica , Károly P. Sárvári , Elisabeth Nagy , József Sóki , the ESCMID Study Group on Anaerobic Infections","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated metronidazole resistance mechanism in <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> group strains isolated from four European countries. Among 581 isolates we identified 10 <em>nim</em>-positive (<em>nimACDEH</em>) isolates that had the genes on various plasmids or on the chromosome. The <em>nim</em>-positive strains harbored more <em>cfiA</em> genes than it could usually be detected among <em>B. fragilis</em> strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103012
Noah S. Ball , Benjamin Bredhold , Andrew Ward , Ryan Demkowicz , John L. Martello
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) multistep testing may generate indeterminate results. This single-center retrospective cohort study aims to assess recurrence of CDI in treated versus untreated adults producing indeterminate tests. We assessed 121 treated versus 49 untreated patients, finding no difference in recurrence.
{"title":"Assessing 30-day recurrence for patients testing indeterminate for Clostridioides difficile based on treatment status","authors":"Noah S. Ball , Benjamin Bredhold , Andrew Ward , Ryan Demkowicz , John L. Martello","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) multistep testing may generate indeterminate results. This single-center retrospective cohort study aims to assess recurrence of CDI in treated versus untreated adults producing indeterminate tests. We assessed 121 treated versus 49 untreated patients, finding no difference in recurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103013
Edward Lovering , Obaid Haque , Marcos Wolff
We report a case of a male in his late-60s who presented with acute onset chest pain of one day duration and worsening dyspnea on exertion for more than one week, with chest radiograph notable for right-sided pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed an exudative effusion and cultures from pleural fluid grew Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium tertium, and Robinsoniella peoriensis. His past medical history was significant for polymicrobial C. difficile and Escherichia coli peritonitis with a negative stool glutamate dehydrogenase assay. The patient was treated with six-week course of metronidazole. This is the first reported case of Robinsoniella peoriensis empyema and highlights the rarity of polymicrobial extra-intestinal anaerobic infection and the serious challenges in treatment due to the lack of established guidelines.
{"title":"Pleural empyema due to polymicrobial Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium tertium and Robinsoniella peoriensis following C. difficile peritonitis","authors":"Edward Lovering , Obaid Haque , Marcos Wolff","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a case of a male in his late-60s who presented with acute onset chest pain of one day duration and worsening dyspnea on exertion for more than one week, with chest radiograph notable for right-sided pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed an exudative effusion and cultures from pleural fluid grew <em>Clostridioides difficile</em>, <em>Clostridium tertium</em>, and <em>Robinsoniella peoriensis.</em> His past medical history was significant for polymicrobial <em>C. difficile</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> peritonitis with a negative stool glutamate dehydrogenase assay. The patient was treated with six-week course of metronidazole. This is the first reported case of <em>Robinsoniella peoriensis</em> empyema and highlights the rarity of polymicrobial extra-intestinal anaerobic infection and the serious challenges in treatment due to the lack of established guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103006
Rohan Mishra , Adam Harvey , Amy Guo , Glenn Tillotson , Paul Feuerstadt , Sahil Khanna , William D. Shannon , Ken F. Blount
Objectives
Increasing evidence indicates a gut microbiome-brain axis, but more robust statistical methods are needed to solidify this connection. In a large phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (PUNCH CD3; NCT03244644), fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTA; RBL, previously RBX2660), was effective in preventing recurrent Clostridium difficile infections, and trial participants had significant gut microbiome and metabolome shifts concurrent with significant changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Advanced statistical methods were applied to data from this trial to further explore and demonstrate associations between changing HRQOL and microbiome or metabolome changes.
Methods
A categorical statistical analysis queried whether patient-reported Cdiff32 HRQOL scores were more likely to improve after RBL than after placebo among PUNCH CD3 participants, and a Dirichlet-multinominal recursive partitioning model assessed whether mental domain Cdiff32 HRQOL scores were linked to participants’ fecal microbiome or bile acid compositions.
Results
Cdiff32 mental domain HRQOL scores were more likely to be improved after RBL administration compared with placebo among treatment responders. Cdiff32 mental domain scores were associated with changing gut microbiome and metabolome compositions, with a gradient of increased Clostridia and Bacteroidia and increased secondary bile acid predominance associated with better Cdiff32 scores.
Conclusions
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is posited to modulate health-related quality of life, microbiome, and metabolome changes through immune, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system functions in patients with recurrent C. difficile infection following RBL administration. These analyses provide a novel approach for investigating multi-omics data and categorical health-related quality of life questionnaires and generate new insights for further clinical studies.
{"title":"Microbiome and metabolome changes after fecal microbiota, live-jslm, administration are associated with health-related quality of life improvements","authors":"Rohan Mishra , Adam Harvey , Amy Guo , Glenn Tillotson , Paul Feuerstadt , Sahil Khanna , William D. Shannon , Ken F. Blount","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Increasing evidence indicates a gut microbiome-brain axis, but more robust statistical methods are needed to solidify this connection. In a large phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (PUNCH CD3; NCT03244644), fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTA; RBL, previously RBX2660), was effective in preventing recurrent <em>Clostridium difficile</em> infections, and trial participants had significant gut microbiome and metabolome shifts concurrent with significant changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Advanced statistical methods were applied to data from this trial to further explore and demonstrate associations between changing HRQOL and microbiome or metabolome changes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A categorical statistical analysis queried whether patient-reported Cdiff32 HRQOL scores were more likely to improve after RBL than after placebo among PUNCH CD3 participants, and a Dirichlet-multinominal recursive partitioning model assessed whether mental domain Cdiff32 HRQOL scores were linked to participants’ fecal microbiome or bile acid compositions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cdiff32 mental domain HRQOL scores were more likely to be improved after RBL administration compared with placebo among treatment responders. Cdiff32 mental domain scores were associated with changing gut microbiome and metabolome compositions, with a gradient of increased Clostridia and Bacteroidia and increased secondary bile acid predominance associated with better Cdiff32 scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The microbiota-gut-brain axis is posited to modulate health-related quality of life, microbiome, and metabolome changes through immune, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system functions in patients with recurrent <em>C. difficile</em> infection following RBL administration. These analyses provide a novel approach for investigating multi-omics data and categorical health-related quality of life questionnaires and generate new insights for further clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>NCT03244644.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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