岩溶环境下的磷酸盐沉淀、磷化和碎屑充填动力学:以Quercy(法国西南部)大坝的“磷化”为例

IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Chemical Geology Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122586
Carine Lézin , Kévin Moreau , Sébastien Fabre , Christian Dupuis , Thierry Pelissié , Patrick Sorriaux , Gilles Escarguel , Maeva Orliac , Pierre-Olivier Antoine , Monique Vianey-Liaud , Romain Weppe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

磷矿是最重要的天然磷源。虽然大量文献讨论了它们在海洋环境中形成的条件,但很少有文献记录它们在陆地环境中的形成。法国西南部的Quercy磷矿,被称为phosphatiires,以其特殊的新生代古生物含量而闻名,代表了非海洋环境中磷酸盐沉淀的罕见例子。本文以坝系磷矿石为例,通过对喀喇岩溶沉积物(沉积学、粒度、矿物学和地球化学)的分析,重建了始新世—渐新世陆相磷矿石的形成条件。讨论了岩溶充填体的成因和磷矿物的形成过程。该遗址具有始新世-渐新世过渡(EOT)的三个充填阶段。每个矿床都含有碎屑组分和含磷酸盐的新形成组分。碎屑输入来自始新世-渐新世“铁石器时代”沉积物(红色粘土和铁质结块的形成)的物质搬运,这些沉积物来自红土古土壤的改造。这种铁石器物质是由位于法国中部地块东部的结晶母岩机械蚀变所产生的新鲜碎屑沉积物直接形成的。
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Phosphate precipitation, phosphatisation and detrital filling dynamics in karstic contexts: The example of the Dams ‘phosphatière’, Quercy (SW France)
Phosphate rocks are the most important natural source of phosphorus. While a large literature discusses the conditions of their formation in marine environments, few document their formation in a terrestrial context. The Quercy phosphate mines in south-west France, known as phosphatières, are notable for their exceptional Cenozoic palaeontological content and represent a rare example of phosphate precipitation in a non-marine environment. Using the Dams ‘phosphatière’ as an example, this paper reconstructs the conditions under which these terrestrial phosphorites formed during the Eocene-Oligocene interval by analysing karstic sediments (sedimentology, grain size, mineralogy, and geochemistry). It discusses the origin of the karst infills and the processes involved in the genesis of phosphate minerals. The site shows three phases of infill that frame the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT). Each deposit contains both a detrital fraction and a phosphate-bearing neo‐formed fraction. The detrital input results from the mass transport of Eocene-Oligocene “siderolithic” sediments (formation of reddish clays with ferruginous concretions) derived from the reworking of lateritic paleosols. This siderolithic material was formed at the surface directly from fresh detrital sediments resulting from the mechanical alteration of the crystalline parent rock, located to the east in the French Massif Central.
The climatic changes around the EOT seem to be reflected only by the groundwater dynamics recorded in the karst deposits: channels are mainly present during the late Eocene, suggesting galleries well supplied with water, while abundant desiccation cracks indicate intense dry periods during the early Oligocene. Phosphate minerals, mainly fluorapatites and carbonate fluorapatite, are present as precipitated laminated crusts along the karst walls, and as mineralised fossils and phosphatised karst walls showing epigenetic processes. Field data and thermodynamic modelling suggest a major phosphate precipitation phase before karst opening, filling, and subsequent remobilisation. Phosphate rocks and phosphatised bones exhibit a marine geochemical signature, suggesting the contribution of the marine carbonate aquifer as a source of phosphorus (by dissolution of the host rock). However, the geometric relationships of the phosphates with infills derived from reworked alterites, and the enrichment in REE, challenge the influence of pedogenetic activity on phosphatogenesis. The laminated nature of some phosphate crusts would suggest bacterial activity in the phosphate precipitation process.
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来源期刊
Chemical Geology
Chemical Geology 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
10.30%
发文量
374
审稿时长
3.6 months
期刊介绍: Chemical Geology is an international journal that publishes original research papers on isotopic and elemental geochemistry, geochronology and cosmochemistry. The Journal focuses on chemical processes in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology, low- and high-temperature aqueous solutions, biogeochemistry, the environment and cosmochemistry. Papers that are field, experimentally, or computationally based are appropriate if they are of broad international interest. The Journal generally does not publish papers that are primarily of regional or local interest, or which are primarily focused on remediation and applied geochemistry. The Journal also welcomes innovative papers dealing with significant analytical advances that are of wide interest in the community and extend significantly beyond the scope of what would be included in the methods section of a standard research paper.
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Editorial Board Assessing the contribution of Good's buffers to laboratory experiments on Fe(II)aq-induced ferrihydrite transformation Extremely heavy Ca isotope compositions of rodingites in the oceanic lithosphere formed by fluid-rock interaction: Implications for the discrimination of light Mg isotope components Editorial Board Intragranular to xenolith-scale water heterogeneity in mantle olivine: Insights into cratonic processes
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