Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122250
Shiqi Cheng , Lianjun Feng , Chaoqun Zhang , Linhao Cui , Wei Liu , Hao Qiu , Shi He , Xuelei Chu , Xingliang Zhang , Jinhua Li
Microfossils identification, especially in very old rocks, is extremely challenging because morphological and chemical signatures of microfossils are subtle and inevitably altered with aging. Chert nodules from the Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China have captured significant interest due to their remarkable preservation of Ediacaran microfossils. To understand the taphonomic processes leading to an exceptional preservation of microbes in these rocks, we studied the morphological and chemical features of microfossils within the lower Doushantuo Formation chert nodules down to atomic scales via advanced microscopy techniques. Our results align with previous studies, confirming that most microfossils there are preserved by silicification. Further analysis of a representative filamentous microfossil, Polytrichoides lineatus, reveals that both the cell wall (or extracellular sheath) and cytoplasm are preserved by loose aggregates of subrounded or irregular quartz grains, along with patchy organic residuals, which are distinctive from the closely packed and angular-shaped quartz grains in the non-fossil matrix of the chert nodule. The cell wall or extracellular sheath likely provided narrower spaces and more nucleation sites for silicification, resulting in smaller quartz grains (i.e., 115 ± 42 nm) compared to those formed in the cytoplasm (i.e., 1150 ± 258 nm). The permeation and precipitation of quartz grains within the cell wall or extracellular sheath could contribute to an exceptional preservation of subcellular structures. This study offers valuable insights into the preservation of microbes in the Doushantuo Formation chert nodules and even older siliceous sedimentary rocks.
{"title":"Nanoscale characterization of Ediacaran microfossils from lower Doushantuo formation chert nodules","authors":"Shiqi Cheng , Lianjun Feng , Chaoqun Zhang , Linhao Cui , Wei Liu , Hao Qiu , Shi He , Xuelei Chu , Xingliang Zhang , Jinhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microfossils identification, especially in very old rocks, is extremely challenging because morphological and chemical signatures of microfossils are subtle and inevitably altered with aging. Chert nodules from the Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China have captured significant interest due to their remarkable preservation of Ediacaran microfossils. To understand the taphonomic processes leading to an exceptional preservation of microbes in these rocks, we studied the morphological and chemical features of microfossils within the lower Doushantuo Formation chert nodules down to atomic scales via advanced microscopy techniques. Our results align with previous studies, confirming that most microfossils there are preserved by silicification. Further analysis of a representative filamentous microfossil, <em>Polytrichoides lineatus</em>, reveals that both the cell wall (or extracellular sheath) and cytoplasm are preserved by loose aggregates of subrounded or irregular quartz grains, along with patchy organic residuals, which are distinctive from the closely packed and angular-shaped quartz grains in the non-fossil matrix of the chert nodule. The cell wall or extracellular sheath likely provided narrower spaces and more nucleation sites for silicification, resulting in smaller quartz grains (i.e., 115 ± 42 nm) compared to those formed in the cytoplasm (i.e., 1150 ± 258 nm). The permeation and precipitation of quartz grains within the cell wall or extracellular sheath could contribute to an exceptional preservation of subcellular structures. This study offers valuable insights into the preservation of microbes in the Doushantuo Formation chert nodules and even older siliceous sedimentary rocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122252
Hao Wang , Zhenggang Li , Yanhui Dong , Bin Fu , Xiaohu Li , Jie Li , Fengyou Chu , Weiyan Zhang , Zhiming Zhu , Jihao Zhu , Ling Chen
Rare earth element and yttrium (REY) compositions of bioapatite (e.g., fish tooth and bone) can serve as potential paleoceanographic indicators. However, the REY enrichment of bioapatite and REY transfer from FeMn micronodule to bioapatite remain unclear owing to a lack of comparative study on these processes under variable redox conditions (oxic vs. suboxic), which hampers the utility of these indicators. To address these uncertainties, we conducted in situ geochemical analyses of fish teeth and FeMn micronodules from two REY-rich sediment cores (GC01 and GC02) collected from the Clarion–Clipperton fracture zone in the central equatorial Pacific. We found that the Ce/Ce* ratios of fish teeth from GC01 (sediments ΣREY = 723 ± 274 ppm) and GC02 (sediments ΣREY = 506 ± 65 ppm) gradually increased with depth under oxic conditions, with calculated oxic pore water-derived REY increasing from ∼0–3% on the surface to ∼11–24% at 200 cmbsf. In deep sediment columns (>200 cmbsf), the suboxic pore water contributed a small amount of REY (∼4% to ∼13%) to fish teeth, as evidenced by sharp increases in Ce/Ce* ratios of fish teeth and decreases in Ce/Ce* ratios and increases in YN/HoN ratios of micronodules. Therefore, the REY-patterns of fish teeth in core-deep samples were overprinted by oxic–suboxic pore waters may be unreliable archives of ancient bottom seawater.
{"title":"Rare earth element enrichment process of bioapatite in deep-sea REY-rich sediments","authors":"Hao Wang , Zhenggang Li , Yanhui Dong , Bin Fu , Xiaohu Li , Jie Li , Fengyou Chu , Weiyan Zhang , Zhiming Zhu , Jihao Zhu , Ling Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rare earth element and yttrium (REY) compositions of bioapatite (e.g., fish tooth and bone) can serve as potential paleoceanographic indicators. However, the REY enrichment of bioapatite and REY transfer from Fe<img>Mn micronodule to bioapatite remain unclear owing to a lack of comparative study on these processes under variable redox conditions (oxic vs. suboxic), which hampers the utility of these indicators. To address these uncertainties, we conducted in situ geochemical analyses of fish teeth and Fe<img>Mn micronodules from two REY-rich sediment cores (GC01 and GC02) collected from the Clarion–Clipperton fracture zone in the central equatorial Pacific. We found that the Ce/Ce* ratios of fish teeth from GC01 (sediments ΣREY = 723 ± 274 ppm) and GC02 (sediments ΣREY = 506 ± 65 ppm) gradually increased with depth under oxic conditions, with calculated oxic pore water-derived REY increasing from ∼0–3% on the surface to ∼11–24% at 200 cmbsf. In deep sediment columns (>200 cmbsf), the suboxic pore water contributed a small amount of REY (∼4% to ∼13%) to fish teeth, as evidenced by sharp increases in Ce/Ce* ratios of fish teeth and decreases in Ce/Ce* ratios and increases in Y<sub>N</sub>/Ho<sub>N</sub> ratios of micronodules. Therefore, the REY-patterns of fish teeth in core-deep samples were overprinted by oxic–suboxic pore waters may be unreliable archives of ancient bottom seawater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122242
Matteo Loche , Sébastien Fabre , Agnès Cousin , Arnaud Proietti , William Rapin , Benjamin M. Tutolo , Pierre-Yves Meslin , Anissa Benmammar , Foteine Dimitracopoulos , Roger C. Wiens , Olivier Gasnault
Several missions have reported complex alteration mineralogies on early Mars, which preserve environmental records of multiple water-rock-atmosphere interactions. The MSL and M2020 missions in Gale and Jezero have identified Fe and Mn-bearing secondary phases. These elements are used as tracers for the redox conditions on both Earth and Mars. However, to fully understand the short-lived and local-scale processes observed on Mars, it is necessary to go beyond thermodynamic models and experiments. Enhancing our ability to interpret the redox and hydrological conditions from the observed phase assemblage requires understanding the evolution of Fe and Mn during weathering. This study reports the results of kinetic alteration experiments and geochemical models conducted under Mars-like conditions. We tested variable pO2, pCO2, temperatures, and starting solutions. The results suggest that Fe is more mobile on Mars than on Earth, with a pseudo-equilibrium concentration that is kinetically controlled by dissolution and oxidation rates. Despite some initially modeled siderite precipitation, no siderite precipitation was observed in the altered powder. Solutions with higher acid concentrations were primarily controlled by dissolution kinetics, with both Fe and Mn being mobile, even when a minor amount of P, Fe, and S bearing secondary phases are formed. Based on our experimental results, we updated the model and conducted two large-scale sensitivity tests on our kinetic simulation. We confirmed that our experiments were too high in pO2 for siderite to form; however, we found that over a range of clearly oxidizing conditions from an equilibrium standpoint, Fe and Mn are mostly mobile, and siderite precipitation can occur. We were able to determine the pO2, pCO2 and the temporal space where Fe-oxide or siderite predominate or coexist, constraining the meaning of reducing or oxidizing conditions. Moreover, we also observed that siderite formation would require a much longer water residence time than Fe-oxide to precipitate, interpreted as higher weathering rates, or later evaporation required to effectively precipitate under any conditions. On ancient Mars, both Fe and Mn would be relatively mobile and prone to be leached from their host rock. Observing siderite or oxide would not primarily be a redox marker but would be a clue to a different hydrological regime. At the planetary scale, it would be challenging to form authigenic siderite during alteration. Although siderite would not indicate the presence of a particularly reducing atmosphere and that Mn-oxides are mainly pH controlled and do not require terrestrial-level amounts of oxygen, a collocated precipitation of siderite and Mn-oxides could also provide valuable information to constrain the redox environment of the ancient Mars.
一些飞行任务报告了早期火星上复杂的蚀变矿物学,这些蚀变矿物学保存了水-岩石-大气多种相互作用的环境记录。在盖尔和杰泽罗进行的 MSL 和 M2020 飞行任务确定了含铁和锰的次生相。这些元素被用作地球和火星氧化还原条件的示踪剂。然而,要充分了解在火星上观测到的短期和局部尺度过程,有必要超越热力学模型和实验。要提高我们从观测到的相组合中解释氧化还原和水文条件的能力,就必须了解风化过程中铁和锰的演变。本研究报告了在类火星条件下进行的动力学蚀变实验和地球化学模型的结果。我们测试了不同的 pO、pCO、温度和起始溶液。结果表明,火星上铁的流动性比地球上更强,其假平衡浓度受溶解和氧化速率的动力学控制。尽管最初模拟了一些菱铁矿沉淀,但在改变的粉末中没有观察到菱铁矿沉淀。酸浓度较高的溶液主要受溶解动力学控制,铁和锰都具有流动性,即使形成了少量含磷、铁和硒的次生相也是如此。根据实验结果,我们更新了模型,并对动力学模拟进行了两次大规模敏感性测试。我们证实,实验中的 pO 值过高,菱铁矿无法形成;但我们发现,从平衡的角度来看,在一系列明显的氧化条件下,铁和锰大部分是流动的,菱铁矿沉淀可能会发生。我们能够确定氧化铁或菱铁矿占优势或共存的 pO、pCO 和时间空间,从而限制了还原或氧化条件的含义。此外,我们还观察到,菱铁矿的形成需要比氧化铁更长的水停留时间才能沉淀,这被解释为更高的风化率,或在任何条件下都需要更晚的蒸发才能有效沉淀。在古火星上,铁和锰都具有相对的流动性,容易从主岩中析出。观察到菱铁矿或氧化物主要不是氧化还原标记,而是不同水文系统的线索。在行星尺度上,在蚀变过程中形成自生菱铁矿具有挑战性。虽然菱铁矿并不表明存在特别还原的大气,而且锰氧化物主要受pH值控制,不需要陆地水平的氧气量,但菱铁矿和锰氧化物的共同沉淀也可以提供有价值的信息,制约古火星的氧化还原环境。
{"title":"Enhanced mobility of iron and manganese on Mars: Evidence from kinetic experiments and models","authors":"Matteo Loche , Sébastien Fabre , Agnès Cousin , Arnaud Proietti , William Rapin , Benjamin M. Tutolo , Pierre-Yves Meslin , Anissa Benmammar , Foteine Dimitracopoulos , Roger C. Wiens , Olivier Gasnault","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several missions have reported complex alteration mineralogies on early Mars, which preserve environmental records of multiple water-rock-atmosphere interactions. The MSL and M2020 missions in Gale and Jezero have identified Fe and Mn-bearing secondary phases. These elements are used as tracers for the redox conditions on both Earth and Mars. However, to fully understand the short-lived and local-scale processes observed on Mars, it is necessary to go beyond thermodynamic models and experiments. Enhancing our ability to interpret the redox and hydrological conditions from the observed phase assemblage requires understanding the evolution of Fe and Mn during weathering. This study reports the results of kinetic alteration experiments and geochemical models conducted under Mars-like conditions. We tested variable pO<sub>2</sub>, pCO<sub>2</sub>, temperatures, and starting solutions. The results suggest that Fe is more mobile on Mars than on Earth, with a pseudo-equilibrium concentration that is kinetically controlled by dissolution and oxidation rates. Despite some initially modeled siderite precipitation, no siderite precipitation was observed in the altered powder. Solutions with higher acid concentrations were primarily controlled by dissolution kinetics, with both Fe and Mn being mobile, even when a minor amount of P, Fe, and S bearing secondary phases are formed. Based on our experimental results, we updated the model and conducted two large-scale sensitivity tests on our kinetic simulation. We confirmed that our experiments were too high in pO<sub>2</sub> for siderite to form; however, we found that over a range of clearly oxidizing conditions from an equilibrium standpoint, Fe and Mn are mostly mobile, and siderite precipitation can occur. We were able to determine the pO<sub>2</sub>, pCO<sub>2</sub> and the temporal space where Fe-oxide or siderite predominate or coexist, constraining the meaning of reducing or oxidizing conditions. Moreover, we also observed that siderite formation would require a much longer water residence time than Fe-oxide to precipitate, interpreted as higher weathering rates, or later evaporation required to effectively precipitate under any conditions. On ancient Mars, both Fe and Mn would be relatively mobile and prone to be leached from their host rock. Observing siderite or oxide would not primarily be a redox marker but would be a clue to a different hydrological regime. At the planetary scale, it would be challenging to form authigenic siderite during alteration. Although siderite would not indicate the presence of a particularly reducing atmosphere and that Mn-oxides are mainly pH controlled and do not require terrestrial-level amounts of oxygen, a collocated precipitation of siderite and Mn-oxides could also provide valuable information to constrain the redox environment of the ancient Mars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000925412400322X/pdfft?md5=f78385e6ef7cc354c03ab790079b91d9&pid=1-s2.0-S000925412400322X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122244
Wei Fang , Li-Qun Dai , Zi-Fu Zhao , Qi Chen , Jun Yan , Dayu Zhang , Ding-Sheng Jiang
The subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate and the formation of a big mantle wedge have influenced the tectonic-magmatic evolution of eastern Asia. However, the timing and mechanism of big mantle wedge formation remain obscure. Here we report molybdenum (Mo) isotope compositions of Mesozoic-Cenozoic mafic rocks in eastern China, which provide constraints on the geodynamics of Paleo-Pacific subduction. The >125 Ma rocks have high δ98Mo values of −0.27‰ to 0.17‰ and arc-like features, whereas the <125 Ma rocks have low δ98Mo values of −0.67‰ to −0.04‰ and ocean-island basalt (OIB)-like features. The mantle sources of these two types of rocks contain subducted Paleo-Pacific slab components at sub-arc and mantle transition zone depths, respectively. Therefore, the Paleo-Pacific subduction involves shallow subduction yielding a small mantle wedge in the early stage and deep subduction yielding a big mantle wedge in the late stage. The dramatic change in Mo isotopes reveals that the big mantle wedge beneath eastern Asia was initiated at ∼125 Ma.
{"title":"Molybdenum isotopic evidence for the initiation of a big mantle wedge beneath eastern Asia","authors":"Wei Fang , Li-Qun Dai , Zi-Fu Zhao , Qi Chen , Jun Yan , Dayu Zhang , Ding-Sheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate and the formation of a big mantle wedge have influenced the tectonic-magmatic evolution of eastern Asia. However, the timing and mechanism of big mantle wedge formation remain obscure. Here we report molybdenum (Mo) isotope compositions of Mesozoic-Cenozoic mafic rocks in eastern China, which provide constraints on the geodynamics of Paleo-Pacific subduction. The >125 Ma rocks have high δ<sup>98</sup>Mo values of −0.27‰ to 0.17‰ and arc-like features, whereas the <125 Ma rocks have low δ<sup>98</sup>Mo values of −0.67‰ to −0.04‰ and ocean-island basalt (OIB)-like features. The mantle sources of these two types of rocks contain subducted Paleo-Pacific slab components at sub-arc and mantle transition zone depths, respectively. Therefore, the Paleo-Pacific subduction involves shallow subduction yielding a small mantle wedge in the early stage and deep subduction yielding a big mantle wedge in the late stage. The dramatic change in Mo isotopes reveals that the big mantle wedge beneath eastern Asia was initiated at ∼125 Ma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122248
Xiaole Sun , Carl-Magnus Mörth , Don Porcelli , Christoph Humborg , Liselott Kutscher , Catherine Hirst , Melissa J. Murphy , Trofim Maximov , Roman E. Petrov , Per S. Andersson
Permafrost degradation has led to increased riverine ion concentrations and export to the sea. This study uses major ion data collected in summer in 2012 and 2013 and during spring flood in 2015 to investigate the spatio-temporal variability in chemical weathering patterns and the associated CO2 consumptions in one of the major Arctic Rivers – the Lena River and its tributaries. The catchment shows strong spatial variations in major ion concentrations in the main river and tributaries. The weathering flux represented by TIS (total inorganic solids) is calculated to be 112 Tg/yr, which is almost double that calculated in an earlier study 20 years ago for the same region. The CO2 consumption is estimated to be 4.9 Tg C/yr, which is approximately equally shared between weathering of carbonates and silicates, despite two thirds of TIS derived from carbonates and the rest of TIS by silicates and evaporites. Our results suggest an enhanced role for silicate weathering in elemental export and CO2 drawdown due to the ongoing transition from a near surface-dominated system towards a deep groundwater dominated system caused by permafrost degradation in the Arctic region under a warmer climate. Such an enhanced weathering pattern is also expected in other Arctic rivers; hence, a re-evaluation of the weathering budgets is clearly needed. Our findings improve our understanding of the response of the weathering regime in large Arctic river catchments to ongoing climate-driven permafrost loss, which also sheds lights into the role of land-sea element fluxes in sustaining primary production and carbon cycling on the Arctic shelf seas.
{"title":"Increase of chemical weathering in the Lena River Catchment under a warmer climate","authors":"Xiaole Sun , Carl-Magnus Mörth , Don Porcelli , Christoph Humborg , Liselott Kutscher , Catherine Hirst , Melissa J. Murphy , Trofim Maximov , Roman E. Petrov , Per S. Andersson","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Permafrost degradation has led to increased riverine ion concentrations and export to the sea. This study uses major ion data collected in summer in 2012 and 2013 and during spring flood in 2015 to investigate the spatio-temporal variability in chemical weathering patterns and the associated CO<sub>2</sub> consumptions in one of the major Arctic Rivers – the Lena River and its tributaries. The catchment shows strong spatial variations in major ion concentrations in the main river and tributaries. The weathering flux represented by TIS (total inorganic solids) is calculated to be 112 Tg/yr, which is almost double that calculated in an earlier study 20 years ago for the same region. The CO<sub>2</sub> consumption is estimated to be 4.9 Tg C/yr, which is approximately equally shared between weathering of carbonates and silicates, despite two thirds of TIS derived from carbonates and the rest of TIS by silicates and evaporites. Our results suggest an enhanced role for silicate weathering in elemental export and CO<sub>2</sub> drawdown due to the ongoing transition from a near surface-dominated system towards a deep groundwater dominated system caused by permafrost degradation in the Arctic region under a warmer climate. Such an enhanced weathering pattern is also expected in other Arctic rivers; hence, a re-evaluation of the weathering budgets is clearly needed. Our findings improve our understanding of the response of the weathering regime in large Arctic river catchments to ongoing climate-driven permafrost loss, which also sheds lights into the role of land-sea element fluxes in sustaining primary production and carbon cycling on the Arctic shelf seas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122241
Lu Wang , Yuan Yao , Yongsong Huang , Yinan Zhao , Hai Cheng
Long-chain alkenones (LCAs) are important tools for paleotemperature reconstructions in lacustrine and marine environments. However, some neutral lipid compounds that co-elute with LCAs often occur in natural sediment samples, which seriously interferes with the identification and quantification of the LCAs. In this study, we report a new flash column chromatography based on silver(I)-dimercaptotriazine (Ag-DMT) functionalized silica material (≡Si-DMT-Ag) for purifying and isolating the individual LCAs from complex lake and marine sediment samples. Compared to silver(I)-mercaptopropyl (Ag-MP) functionalized (≡Si-(CH2)3-S-Ag) and silver nitrate (SiO2 + AgNO3) impregnated silica materials used by previous studies, the Ag-DMT stationary phase displays the best efficiency in removing co-eluting compounds (including wax ester, hopanoid, hopanoic acid, sterane, alkanoic acid, and some unknown compounds) from the LCAs in our study lake and marine sediment samples. The Ag-DMT material also shows its high retention capacity for the LCAs, probably due to a strong interaction of more positively charged silver sites on Ag-DMT with double bonds. Employing the Ag-DMT chromatography, we develop an optimal solvent elution scheme to efficiently isolate the individual LCAs with the same chain length but different numbers of unsaturation for their isotopic analysis in the future. Our study provides a highly effective method for eliminating co-eluting compounds and isolating individual LCAs for paleoclimate studies.
{"title":"Highly efficient purification of long-chain alkenones using silver dimercaptotriazine flash chromatography","authors":"Lu Wang , Yuan Yao , Yongsong Huang , Yinan Zhao , Hai Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-chain alkenones (LCAs) are important tools for paleotemperature reconstructions in lacustrine and marine environments. However, some neutral lipid compounds that co-elute with LCAs often occur in natural sediment samples, which seriously interferes with the identification and quantification of the LCAs. In this study, we report a new flash column chromatography based on silver(I)-dimercaptotriazine (Ag-DMT) functionalized silica material (≡Si-DMT-Ag) for purifying and isolating the individual LCAs from complex lake and marine sediment samples. Compared to silver(I)-mercaptopropyl (Ag-MP) functionalized (≡Si-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-S-Ag) and silver nitrate (SiO<sub>2</sub> + AgNO<sub>3</sub>) impregnated silica materials used by previous studies, the Ag-DMT stationary phase displays the best efficiency in removing co-eluting compounds (including wax ester, hopanoid, hopanoic acid, sterane, alkanoic acid, and some unknown compounds) from the LCAs in our study lake and marine sediment samples. The Ag-DMT material also shows its high retention capacity for the LCAs, probably due to a strong interaction of more positively charged silver sites on Ag-DMT with double bonds. Employing the Ag-DMT chromatography, we develop an optimal solvent elution scheme to efficiently isolate the individual LCAs with the same chain length but different numbers of unsaturation for their isotopic analysis in the future. Our study provides a highly effective method for eliminating co-eluting compounds and isolating individual LCAs for paleoclimate studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122249
Chen Ling , Zhifei Liu , Xun Yu , Yulong Zhao , Fernando P. Siringan , Khanh Phon Le , Edlic Sathiamurthy , Chen-Feng You , Kaiyun Chen
Stable silicon (Si) isotopes in fluvial sediments can provide insights into understanding silicate weathering processes on the Earth's surface. However, a lack of comprehensive studies has hindered full understanding of the factors influencing Si isotope fractionation during continental weathering. In this study, through the analysis of Si isotopes in fine-grained sediments from 13 rivers surrounding the South China Sea, significant variation of Si isotopes in bulk detrital sediments (<63 μm) was observed, with δ30Si values ranging from −0.17‰ to −1.09‰. At basin scale, the δ30Si values are influenced by multiple controlling factors such as climatic conditions, lithology, and tectonic settings, which have a close relationship with the content of clay minerals. The characteristics of weathering types and intensities are ultimately reflected in the weathering products, specifically clay minerals. Compiling data across multiple grain sizes from major rivers globally, robust correlations based on clay mineral classification between δ30Si and Al/Si ratio have been observed, which are unaffected by regional and grain-size variations. As the dominant clay mineral group transitions from illite/chlorite to smectite and kaolinite, the degree of Si isotope fractionation increases progressively. This sequence indicates a shift from stronger physical erosion to more intensive chemical weathering, suggesting a transition in the weathering regime from weathering-limited to transport-limited. This study reveals the intrinsic link between Si isotopic compositions and clay mineral assemblages, providing implications for similar stable isotope research and offering a potential indicator for understanding continental weathering processes and their contributions to the global carbon cycle.
{"title":"Clay minerals control silicon isotope variations of fine-grained river sediments: Implication for the trade-off between physical erosion and chemical weathering","authors":"Chen Ling , Zhifei Liu , Xun Yu , Yulong Zhao , Fernando P. Siringan , Khanh Phon Le , Edlic Sathiamurthy , Chen-Feng You , Kaiyun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stable silicon (Si) isotopes in fluvial sediments can provide insights into understanding silicate weathering processes on the Earth's surface. However, a lack of comprehensive studies has hindered full understanding of the factors influencing Si isotope fractionation during continental weathering. In this study, through the analysis of Si isotopes in fine-grained sediments from 13 rivers surrounding the South China Sea, significant variation of Si isotopes in bulk detrital sediments (<63 μm) was observed, with δ<sup>30</sup>Si values ranging from −0.17‰ to −1.09‰. At basin scale, the δ<sup>30</sup>Si values are influenced by multiple controlling factors such as climatic conditions, lithology, and tectonic settings, which have a close relationship with the content of clay minerals. The characteristics of weathering types and intensities are ultimately reflected in the weathering products, specifically clay minerals. Compiling data across multiple grain sizes from major rivers globally, robust correlations based on clay mineral classification between δ<sup>30</sup>Si and Al/Si ratio have been observed, which are unaffected by regional and grain-size variations. As the dominant clay mineral group transitions from illite/chlorite to smectite and kaolinite, the degree of Si isotope fractionation increases progressively. This sequence indicates a shift from stronger physical erosion to more intensive chemical weathering, suggesting a transition in the weathering regime from weathering-limited to transport-limited. This study reveals the intrinsic link between Si isotopic compositions and clay mineral assemblages, providing implications for similar stable isotope research and offering a potential indicator for understanding continental weathering processes and their contributions to the global carbon cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122245
Gilmara Santos da Cruz , Juan A. Moreno , Juan A. Dahlquist , Matías M. Morales Cámera , Miguel A.S. Basei , Priscila S. Zandomeni
Cordilleran Granitic batholiths or Andean/Cordilleran batholiths serve as plutonic expressions of continental arcs, offering valuable insights into the processes that operate in large silicic magmatic systems at subduction environments. This work presents a comprehensive geochronological study of the Carboniferous Tabaquito batholith in the Frontal Cordillera of western Argentina, which is the best exponent of the Carboniferous arc-related magmatism in this region. Using new data obtained through LA-MC-ICP-MS and comparing it with previously published data (LA-MC-ICP-MS and SHRIMP techniques), we identify five distinct magmatic events in the Tabaquito batholith: 325 ± 2 Ma; 332 ± 2 Ma; 337 ± 2 Ma; 346 ± 1 Ma, and 362 ± 2 Ma. The 325 Ma event is considered as the best estimate of the crystallization age during the emplacement. The 332 Ma, 337 Ma, 346 Ma and 362 Ma events suggest the presence of zircon antecrysts, implying a complex magmatic system that worked for a protracted time lapse of ca. 40 Myr, or ca. 15 Myr if we consider the ages of 346 and 362 Ma as xenocrysts from a source like the Potrerillos pluton (346 ± 3 Ma to 356 ± 3 Ma), which was interpreted in previous studies as possible source of the parental magmas of the Tabaquito batholith. Furthermore, it has been also identified inherited zircons with ages older than ca. 370 Ma that are consistent with the detrital zircon pattern obtained for the country rock. Inherited zircon ages from the referred country rock yield a maximum deposition age estimated at 387 Ma that is consistent with the fossil ammonoids record, indicating that the granitic rocks were emplaced in Devonian rocks.
{"title":"Contributing to understand how Cordilleran batholiths build from detailed geochronology of the Carboniferous Tabaquito batholith, Frontal Cordillera (Argentina)","authors":"Gilmara Santos da Cruz , Juan A. Moreno , Juan A. Dahlquist , Matías M. Morales Cámera , Miguel A.S. Basei , Priscila S. Zandomeni","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cordilleran Granitic batholiths or Andean/Cordilleran batholiths serve as plutonic expressions of continental arcs, offering valuable insights into the processes that operate in large silicic magmatic systems at subduction environments. This work presents a comprehensive geochronological study of the Carboniferous Tabaquito batholith in the Frontal Cordillera of western Argentina, which is the best exponent of the Carboniferous arc-related magmatism in this region. Using new data obtained through LA-MC-ICP-MS and comparing it with previously published data (LA-MC-ICP-MS and SHRIMP techniques), we identify five distinct magmatic events in the Tabaquito batholith: 325 ± 2 Ma; 332 ± 2 Ma; 337 ± 2 Ma; 346 ± 1 Ma, and 362 ± 2 Ma. The 325 Ma event is considered as the best estimate of the crystallization age during the emplacement. The 332 Ma, 337 Ma, 346 Ma and 362 Ma events suggest the presence of zircon antecrysts, implying a complex magmatic system that worked for a protracted time lapse of ca. 40 Myr, or ca. 15 Myr if we consider the ages of 346 and 362 Ma as xenocrysts from a source like the Potrerillos pluton (346 ± 3 Ma to 356 ± 3 Ma), which was interpreted in previous studies as possible source of the parental magmas of the Tabaquito batholith. Furthermore, it has been also identified inherited zircons with ages older than ca. 370 Ma that are consistent with the detrital zircon pattern obtained for the country rock. Inherited zircon ages from the referred country rock yield a maximum deposition age estimated at 387 Ma that is consistent with the fossil ammonoids record, indicating that the granitic rocks were emplaced in Devonian rocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122247
Shahrouz Babazadeh , Davood Raeisi , M. Santosh , Tanya Furman , Sung Hi Choi , Massimo D'Antonio
Igneous rocks in central Iran preserve proof of several episodes of Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic Neotethyan subduction, and record temporal and spatial variations from subduction to collisional geodynamic regimes that remain a subject of debate. We revisit magmatic rocks from the central Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA; 32° 30′ N to 36° 00′ N) and report new major and trace element analyses, whole-rock Sr–Nd–Pb-isotopic data and zircon U–Pb–Hf ages on plutonic rocks from the Kajan region. The data reveal magmatic pulses between 32 and 22 Ma that are represented by igneous rocks with geochemical and isotopic features resulting from melting of a metasomatized, enriched mantle. Modeling indicates the samples represent a mixture of 97% batch melt (from a source with 98.5% mantle melt +1.5% terrigenous sediment) with 3% upper continental crust. The oldest yielded age (i.e., 32 Ma) rules out a lull in magmatism in the central UDMA between 37 and 26 Ma and speaks against distinct flare-up magmatic episodes at ∼54–37 Ma and ∼ 20–5 Ma in the frontal arc. We hypothesize that magmatism records down-going slab tearing into two pieces beneath the central to SE UDMA, which then changes the geometry and buoyancy of subducting Neotethyan lithosphere. The down-going slab remained involved in central UDMA (i.e., rollback) during Early Miocene whilst arc retreat beneath the SE UDMA proceeded with detachment of subducted oceanic lithosphere (i.e., break-off). We hypothesize a diachronous collision in the UDMA, first in the southeastern segments, and subsequently in the central UDMA. These findings bear important implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Zagros orogen and run counter to a model suggesting that the collision initiated in the northwest to central and propagated progressively to the southeast along the Zagros suture zone.
伊朗中部的岩浆岩保留了中生代晚期-新生代新近纪几次俯冲活动的证据,并记录了从俯冲到碰撞地球动力机制的时空变化,这些变化仍是一个争论的主题。我们重新研究了乌鲁米耶-多赫塔尔岩浆弧(UDMA;北纬32°30′至36°00′)中部的岩浆岩,并报告了对卡让地区的块岩进行的新的主要元素和痕量元素分析、全岩Sr-Nd-Pb-同位素数据以及锆石U-Pb-Hf年龄。这些数据揭示了 32 至 22 Ma 之间的岩浆脉冲,这些岩浆脉冲由具有地球化学和同位素特征的火成岩所代表,而这些特征是由变质、富集的地幔熔化所产生的。建模结果表明,这些样品代表了 97% 的批量熔体(来源于 98.5% 的地幔熔体+1.5% 的陆相沉积)与 3% 的上部大陆地壳的混合物。得出的最古老年龄(即 32 Ma)排除了 UDMA 中部岩浆活动在 37 至 26 Ma 之间停滞的可能性,同时也证明了正面弧在 ∼ 54-37 Ma 和 ∼ 20-5 Ma 发生过明显的岩浆爆发事件。我们推测,岩浆活动记录了下行板块在UDMA中部至东南部下方撕裂成两块,从而改变了俯冲的新特提山脉岩石圈的几何形状和浮力。在早中新世期间,下行板块仍然卷入了中部的UDMA(即回滚),而东南部UDMA下的弧退则随着俯冲洋岩石圈的脱离而进行(即断裂)。我们推测 UDMA 发生了对时碰撞,首先在东南部地段,随后在 UDMA 中部。这些发现对扎格罗斯造山带的地球动力演化具有重要意义,并且与认为碰撞始于西北部至中部,并沿扎格罗斯缝合带向东南部逐步传播的模型背道而驰。
{"title":"The spatial–temporal evolution of Neotethyan subduction in central to Southeast Iran: Constraints from geochemistry, zircon U–Pb–Hf, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes","authors":"Shahrouz Babazadeh , Davood Raeisi , M. Santosh , Tanya Furman , Sung Hi Choi , Massimo D'Antonio","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Igneous rocks in central Iran preserve proof of several episodes of Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic Neotethyan subduction, and record temporal and spatial variations from subduction to collisional geodynamic regimes that remain a subject of debate. We revisit magmatic rocks from the central Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA; 32° 30′ N to 36° 00′ N) and report new major and trace element analyses, whole-rock Sr–Nd–Pb-isotopic data and zircon U–Pb–Hf ages on plutonic rocks from the Kajan region. The data reveal magmatic pulses between 32 and 22 Ma that are represented by igneous rocks with geochemical and isotopic features resulting from melting of a metasomatized, enriched mantle. Modeling indicates the samples represent a mixture of 97% batch melt (from a source with 98.5% mantle melt +1.5% terrigenous sediment) with 3% upper continental crust. The oldest yielded age (<em>i.e.,</em> 32 Ma) rules out a lull in magmatism in the central UDMA between 37 and 26 Ma and speaks against distinct flare-up magmatic episodes at ∼54–37 Ma and ∼ 20–5 Ma in the frontal arc. We hypothesize that magmatism records down-going slab tearing into two pieces beneath the central to SE UDMA, which then changes the geometry and buoyancy of subducting Neotethyan lithosphere. The down-going slab remained involved in central UDMA (<em>i.e.,</em> rollback) during Early Miocene whilst arc retreat beneath the SE UDMA proceeded with detachment of subducted oceanic lithosphere (<em>i.e.,</em> break-off). We hypothesize a diachronous collision in the UDMA, first in the southeastern segments, and subsequently in the central UDMA. These findings bear important implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Zagros orogen and run counter to a model suggesting that the collision initiated in the northwest to central and propagated progressively to the southeast along the Zagros suture zone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254124003279/pdfft?md5=8604a753c22a4ba616ee410bdf04cc88&pid=1-s2.0-S0009254124003279-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122243
Yi-Wei Liu , Ke Lin , Kyle Morgan , Xianfeng Wang
Boron isotopes (11B) in coral skeletons of Porites have been widely applied to reconstruct past seawater pH (pHSW) on decadal to centennial timescales. However, due to biological regulation within corals, an additional transfer function is required to estimate ambient seawater chemistry during the skeleton growth under the calcification site fluid pH. Temperature may also interfere with coral calcification fluid pH (pHCF) due to changes in kinetics of coral aragonite precipitation, or buffering capacity in coral calcification fluid. To decipher how coral Porites adjusts pHCF in response to pHSW from complex environmental controls, long-term records from sites with least fluctuations in environmental conditions other than pHSW are essential. Here we present a 37-year record of coral 11B and B/Ca ratios derived from a coral core collected from southern Maldives, the tropical Indian Ocean. Our results show no clear seasonality in the coral 11B and B/Ca ratios between monsoons, but a long-term decline in coral pHCF is evident across the entire record. When applying different existing transfer functions, we also observe discrepancies among the calculated pHCF values, model results and short-term instrumental data. Calculated calcification fluid dissolved inorganic carbon concentration ([DIC]CF) values are relatively low compared to literature, suggesting that coral calcification fluid carbonate chemistry may be under different levels of control, even within the same coral taxa. Thus, coral records from a wider geographic range are required to better quantify coral response to ocean acidification, and our results can serve as a baseline for future comparisons.
{"title":"Ocean acidification in the tropical Indian Ocean over the past 37 years: Insights from δ11B and B/Ca records in a Maldives coral","authors":"Yi-Wei Liu , Ke Lin , Kyle Morgan , Xianfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boron isotopes (<span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span><sup>11</sup>B) in coral skeletons of <em>Porites</em> have been widely applied to reconstruct past seawater pH (pH<sub>SW</sub>) on decadal to centennial timescales. However, due to biological regulation within corals, an additional transfer function is required to estimate ambient seawater chemistry during the skeleton growth under the calcification site fluid pH. Temperature may also interfere with coral calcification fluid pH (pH<sub>CF</sub>) due to changes in kinetics of coral aragonite precipitation, or buffering capacity in coral calcification fluid. To decipher how coral <em>Porites</em> adjusts pH<sub>CF</sub> in response to pH<sub>SW</sub> from complex environmental controls, long-term records from sites with least fluctuations in environmental conditions other than pH<sub>SW</sub> are essential. Here we present a 37-year record of coral <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span><sup>11</sup>B and B/Ca ratios derived from a coral core collected from southern Maldives, the tropical Indian Ocean. Our results show no clear seasonality in the coral <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span><sup>11</sup>B and B/Ca ratios between monsoons, but a long-term decline in coral pH<sub>CF</sub> is evident across the entire record. When applying different existing transfer functions, we also observe discrepancies among the calculated pH<sub>CF</sub> values, model results and short-term instrumental data. Calculated calcification fluid dissolved inorganic carbon concentration ([DIC]<sub>CF</sub>) values are relatively low compared to literature, suggesting that coral calcification fluid carbonate chemistry may be under different levels of control, even within the same coral taxa. Thus, coral records from a wider geographic range are required to better quantify coral response to ocean acidification, and our results can serve as a baseline for future comparisons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9847,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254124003231/pdfft?md5=c4bf34444c143286de8663a276b07b75&pid=1-s2.0-S0009254124003231-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}