在极地涡旋期间,可塑性驱动翠绿灰螟(Agrilus planipennis)的极端耐寒性

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Current Research in Insect Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cris.2022.100031
Meghan E. Duell , Meghan T. Gray , Amanda D. Roe , Chris J.K. MacQuarrie , Brent J. Sinclair
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引用次数: 8

摘要

入侵物种通常必须在与它们的原生范围有很大不同的环境条件下生存;然而,对于特定物种来说,尚不清楚耐受性的提高是表型可塑性还是遗传适应(或两者兼而有之)的结果。扁田鸡(鞘翅目:田鸡科;绿灰螟)是北美和欧洲黄曲霉属树木的一种入侵害虫。先前在加拿大安大略省西南部进行的研究表明,拟南扁蝇具有避冻性,通过在其血淋巴中积累甘油的摩尔浓度并降低其过冷点(SCP,其冻结的温度)来防止内部结冰。这些安大略省西南部动物的耐寒性被用来预测潜在的分布,揭示了加拿大一些城市应该太冷,无法让种群持续存在。然而,经过几次严重的“极地涡旋”事件,在加拿大马尼托巴省的温尼伯,一个小种群仍然存在。在2018/19年,我们从温尼伯、MB和南安大略省收集了拟南羽蛾的幼虫和预蛹,发现来自温尼伯的个体极具耐寒性——预蛹的scp低至-52°C(与安大略省西南部的-32°C相比),并观察了在-50°C下暴露1小时的未冷冻个体的存活率。与西南安大略个体相比,这种耐寒性伴随着更高的血淋巴渗透压和甘油浓度。为了区分表型可塑性和局部适应性,在2020/21年度,我们在安大略省西南部的户外或模拟温尼伯冬季对来自温尼伯的个体进行了越冬。模拟温尼伯冬季个体的耐寒性与在温尼伯越冬的个体相似,而安大略省西南部越冬个体的耐寒性与之前在该地区收集的个体相似。模拟冬季个体的血淋巴甘油浓度高于安大略省西南部越冬动物,至少部分原因是脱水程度更高。因此,planipennis具有足够的耐寒性,可以在其寄主树木生长的一些最严酷的冬天生存下来,并且很可能通过表型可塑性获得这种耐寒性。这些发现提高了在预测新入侵物种的潜在分布或对气候变化的反应时,描述结论对意外表型可塑性敏感性的重要性。
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Plasticity drives extreme cold tolerance of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) during a polar vortex

Invasive species must often survive combinations of environmental conditions that differ considerably from their native range; however, for a given species it is unclear whether improved tolerance is the result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation (or both). Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae; the emerald ash borer) is an invasive pest of Fraxinus trees in North America and Europe. Previous studies in SW Ontario, Canada, showed that A. planipennis is freeze avoidant, preventing internal ice formation by accumulating Molar concentrations of glycerol in its hemolymph and depressing its supercooling point (SCP, the temperature at which it freezes). The cold tolerance of these SW Ontario animals was used to predict potential distribution, revealing that some Canadian cities should be too cold to allow populations to persist. However, a small population of A. planipennis has persisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, through several severe ‘polar vortex’ events. In 2018/19, we collected A. planipennis larvae and prepupae from Winnipeg, MB and Southern Ontario, and found that individuals from Winnipeg were extremely cold tolerant – with SCPs as low as -52°C in prepupae (compared to -32°C in SW Ontario), and observed survival of unfrozen individuals exposed to -50°C for one hour. This cold tolerance was accompanied by higher hemolymph osmolality and glycerol concentration than in the SW Ontario individuals. To distinguish between phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation, in 2020/21 we overwintered Winnipeg-sourced individuals either outdoors in SW Ontario or in a simulated Winnipeg winter. Simulated Winnipeg winter individuals had cold tolerance similar to those overwintered in Winnipeg, while SW Ontario overwintered individuals had cold tolerance similar to those collected previously in the region. The simulated winter individuals had higher hemolymph glycerol concentrations than SW Ontario overwintered animals, at least in part due to greater dehydration. Thus, A. planipennis are cold-tolerant enough to survive some of the harshest winters where their host trees can grow, and most likely attain this cold tolerance via phenotypic plasticity. These findings raise the importance of delineating sensitivity of conclusions to unexpected phenotypic plasticity when predicting potential distributions of new invasives or responses to climate change.

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来源期刊
Current Research in Insect Science
Current Research in Insect Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
36 days
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