Current Research in Insect Science最新文献

Exploring novel pyrethroid resistance mechanisms through RNA-seq in Triatoma dimidiata from Colombia 利用RNA-seq技术探索哥伦比亚三角瘤对拟除虫菊酯的新型抗性机制。

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100103

Sara Zuluaga , Geysson Javier Fernandez , Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo , Carl Lowenberger , Omar Triana-Chavez

Pyrethroids are the most widely used insecticides for controlling insect vectors carrying medically and economically significant pathogens. In Colombia, studies on triatomine insecticide resistance are limited. Due to the increasing challenge of insecticide resistance, this work focuses on determining resistance to different pyrethroid insecticides in populations of Triatoma dimidiata from Colombia. To define the possible causes of resistance, three potential molecular mechanisms were explored: 1) mutations in the coding region of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (vgsc), the insecticide target site; 2) modulation of enzymatic activity associated with metabolic resistance; and 3) changes in the mRNA profiles using RNA-seq. The results showed that the field population of T. dimidiata was resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin insecticides. Insects surviving sublethal doses of insecticides did not exhibit the classical mutations in the vgsc gene. Transcriptomic profile analyses of T. dimidiata revealed differentially regulated genes in field and laboratory populations under selective pressure with lambda-cyhalothrin. Gene enrichment analysis showed the positive regulation of transcripts related to detoxifying enzymes and mitochondrial proteins, which could play a significant role in insecticide resistance. This comprehensive investigation is crucial for providing insights into resistance mechanisms and generating strategies to manage these critical vector species.

拟除虫菊酯是最广泛使用的杀虫剂，用于控制携带具有医学和经济意义的病原体的昆虫媒介。在哥伦比亚，有关triatomine杀虫剂耐药性的研究有限。由于杀虫剂抗性的挑战越来越大，本工作的重点是确定哥伦比亚三角眼蝇种群对不同拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性。为了确定抗性的可能原因，研究了三种可能的分子机制：1)杀虫剂靶点电压门控钠通道基因（vgsc）编码区发生突变；2)与代谢抗性相关的酶活性调控；3)利用RNA-seq分析mRNA谱的变化。结果表明，田间种群对高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯均有抗性。在亚致死剂量杀虫剂下存活的昆虫没有表现出vgsc基因的经典突变。通过转录组学分析，发现在高效氯氟氰菊酯的选择压力下，田间种群和实验室种群的基因调控存在差异。基因富集分析显示，与解毒酶和线粒体蛋白相关的转录本正调控，可能在杀虫剂抗性中起重要作用。这项全面调查对于深入了解抗性机制和制定管理这些关键病媒物种的策略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular mechanisms and comparative transcriptomics of diapause in two corn rootworm species (Diabrotica spp.)

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100104

Melise C. Lecheta , Chad Nielson , B. Wade French , Emily A.W. Nadeau , Nicholas M. Teets

Diapause is a programmed developmental arrest that can occur at any developmental stage depending on species, but the mechanisms that underscore embryonic diapause are poorly understood. Here, we identified molecular mechanisms underscoring distinct phases of diapause in the Diabrotica spp. complex. This species complex includes economically significant agricultural pests, notably the western corn rootworm (WCR) and northern corn rootworm (NCR), which cause major losses in maize production. Rootworms undergo an obligate embryonic diapause to synchronize their life cycles with host plants, and we sequenced transcriptomes from both species at five time points (pre-diapause, diapause initiation, diapause maintenance, diapause termination, and post-diapause). Our results indicate that transcriptional regulation is dynamic during diapause. Diapause initiation involves shutdown of the cell cycle by downregulating cyclin-related genes, downregulation of aerobic metabolism, with concurrent upregulation of stress-related genes, especially heat shock proteins, the proteasome, and immune-related genes. During post-diapause development, there is a dramatic activation cellular respiration, which may be controlled by insulin signaling. Comparative transcriptomic analyses between WCR and NCR indicated that while many gene expression changes were conserved across species, overall gene expression profiles were distinct, indicating that many transcriptional changes are species-specific, despite the close phylogenetic relationship and phenotypic similarity between these species. This study sheds light on the suite of mechanisms that allow some organisms to pause the symphony of cellular events that occur during embryonic development and persist for several months as a tiny egg. Further, the mechanisms identified here may contribute to further research and pest management efforts in this economically important pest group.

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引用次数: 0

A model that integrates the different piRNA biogenesis pathways based on studies in silkworm BmN4 cells

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2025.100108

Thomas-Wolf Verdonckt , Luc Swevers , Dulce Santos

PIWI-interacting (pi) RNAs play an essential role in protecting the genomic integrity of germ cells from the disruptive transpositions of selfish genetic elements. One of the most important model systems for studying piRNA biogenesis is the ovary derived BmN4 cell line of the silkworm Bombyx mori. In recent years, many steps and components of the pathways involved in this process have been unraveled. However, a holistic description of piRNA biogenesis in BmN4 cells is still unavailable. In this paper, we review the state of the art and propose a novel model for piRNA biogenesis in BmN4 cells. This model was built considering the latest published data and will empower researchers to plan future experiments and interpret experimental results.

引用次数: 0

Consequences of “zombie-making” and generalist fungal pathogens on carpenter ant microbiota “僵尸制造”和通用真菌病原体对木蚁微生物群的影响。

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100102

Sophia Vermeulen , Anna M Forsman , Charissa de Bekker

The bacterial microbiome of the ant Camponotus floridanus has been well characterized across body regions and maturation levels. However, potential effects of entomopathogens on the gut microbiome, and the fungal communities therein, are yet to be assessed. Additionally, the mycobiome remains often overlooked despite playing a vital role in gut ecology with potential implications for health and infection outcomes. We characterized the effects of two entomopathogens with different infection strategies on the gut micro- and mycobiota of C. floridanus over time; Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani and Beauveria bassiana. Specialist, ‘zombie-making’ O. camponoti-floridani fungi hijack the behavior of C. floridanus ants over three weeks, leading them to find an elevated position and fix themselves in place with their mandibles. This summiting behavior is adaptive to Ophiocordyceps as the ant transports the fungus to conditions that favor fruiting body development, spore production, dispersal, and transmission. In contrast, the generalist entomopathogen B. bassiana infects and kills the ant within a few days, without the induction of obvious fungus-adaptive behaviors. By comparing healthy ants with Beauveria- and Ophiocordyceps-infected ants we aimed to 1) describe the dynamics of the micro- and mycobiome of C. floridanus during infection, and 2) determine if the effects on gut microbiota are distinctive between fungi that have different infection strategies. While Beauveria did not measurably affect the ant host micro-and mycobiome, Ophiocordyceps did, especially for the mycobiome. Moreover, ants that were sampled during Ophiocordyceps-adaptive summiting behavior had a significantly different micro- and mycobiome composition compared to healthy controls and those sampled before and after manipulation took place. This suggests that the host microbiome might have a role to play in the manipulation strategy of Ophiocordyceps.

蚂蚁的细菌微生物群已经被很好地表征了身体各区域和成熟水平。然而，昆虫病原体对肠道微生物群及其真菌群落的潜在影响尚未得到评估。此外，尽管真菌群落在肠道生态中发挥着至关重要的作用，对健康和感染结果具有潜在影响，但它们仍然经常被忽视。研究了两种不同感染策略的昆虫病原体对佛罗里达C.菌群和肠道微生物群的影响；佛罗里达血吸虫和球孢白僵菌。专家，“僵尸制造”O. camponoti-floridani真菌劫持了C. floridanus蚂蚁的行为超过三周，导致他们找到一个升高的位置，用他们的下颌骨固定自己。这种登顶行为适应于虫草，因为蚂蚁将真菌运送到有利于子实体发育、孢子产生、扩散和传播的条件下。相比之下，一般昆虫病原体球孢白僵菌在几天内感染并杀死蚂蚁，而不会诱导明显的真菌适应行为。通过比较健康的蚂蚁与感染了白僵菌和虫草菌的蚂蚁，我们的目的是：1)描述感染期间C. floridanus的微生物和真菌组的动态变化；2)确定不同感染策略的真菌对肠道微生物群的影响是否不同。虽然白僵菌对蚂蚁宿主微生物和真菌组没有明显的影响，但虫草对真菌组有明显的影响，尤其是对真菌组。此外，与健康对照和操作前后取样的蚂蚁相比，在虫草适应性登顶行为期间取样的蚂蚁具有显着不同的微生物组和真菌组组成。这表明宿主微生物组可能在蛇虫草的操纵策略中发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental adaptation to singular pathogen challenge reduces susceptibility to novel pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100105

Aparajita Singh, Aabeer Basu , Biswajit Shit , Tejashwini Hegde , Nitin Bansal , Nagaraj Guru Prasad

Hosts often encounter and must respond to novel pathogens in the wild, that is pathogens that they have not encountered in recent evolutionary history, and therefore are not adapted to. How hosts respond to these novel pathogens and the outcome of such infections can be shaped by the host's evolutionary history, especially by how well adapted the host is to its native pathogens, that is pathogens they have evolved with. Host adaptation to one pathogen can either increase its susceptibility to a novel pathogen, due to specialization of immune defenses and trade-offs between different arms of the immune system, or can decrease susceptibility to novel pathogens by virtue of cross-resistance. Using laboratory Drosophila melanogaster populations, we explore if hosts experimentally adapted to surviving infection challenges by a single bacterial pathogen are also better at surviving infection challenges by novel bacterial pathogens. We found that such hosts can survive infection challenges by multiple novel pathogens, with the expanse of cross-resistance determined by the identity of the native pathogen and sex of the host. Therefore, we have demonstrated that cross-resistance can evolve in host populations by virtue of adaptation to a single pathogen. This observation has important ecological consequences, especially in the modern era where spillover of novel pathogens is a common occurrence due to various factors, including climate change.

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引用次数: 0

The trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites in bees: A review on their environmental circulation, impacts and implications

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2025.100106

Rossella Tiritelli , Giovanni Cilia , Tamara Gómez-Moracho

Trypanosomatids, obligate parasites capable of impacting insects' hindgut, have recently obtained considerable attention, especially about their effects on bees. While Crithidia mellificae and C. bombi were initially discovered and studied in honey bees and bumblebees, respectively, molecular techniques revealed Lotmaria passim as the predominant trypanosomatid in honey bees globally. New species like C. expoeki and C. acanthocephali have also been identified. These parasites have complex life cycles involving various host developmental stages and are transmitted horizontally within and outside colonies through direct contact, oral interactions, and contaminating flowers with infected faeces. The impact of trypanosomatids on honey bee colony health remains uncertain. In bumblebees, studies highlighted the widespread presence of C. bombi, affecting colony and individual fitness, development, and foraging behaviour. Bee trypanosomatids have been detected in various species, including other insects, and mammals, suggesting diverse epidemiological pathways and potential effects that warrant further investigation. Biotic factors, including co-infections, gut microbiota, food contamination, and abiotic factors like environmental conditions, pesticides, and urbanization, play crucial roles in infection dynamics. This review aimed to summarise key research on trypanosomatid transmission and infection in both managed and wild bees, focusing on the influence of biotic and abiotic factors. The work highlights significant gaps in current knowledge and provides a valuable foundation for future studies. Understanding the pathogenicity and infection dynamics of trypanosomatids, along with the impact of environmental factors, is essential for developing effective conservation strategies that support pollinator health and overall ecosystem resilience.

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引用次数: 0

The multifaceted role of brood communication in wasp societies

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2025.100107

Rafael Carvalho da Silva , Fabio Santos do Nascimento , Cintia Akemi Oi

The family Vespidae represents a key group to understand the evolutionary trajectory of social behavior in insects, as these wasps display the entire spectrum of social behaviors, from solitary to highly eusocial. The evolution of eusociality likely depended on a coordinated communication system, with chemical communication being suggested as the most commonly used among social insects. Chemical communication provides information about colony identity and an individual's identity, sex and caste, and can help resolve intracolonial conflicts. Parallel to the communication observed in adult-to-adult interactions, several reports have highlighted that the brood (eggs, larvae or pupae) can also act as direct or indirect sources of chemical compounds that can convey information. For example, eggs are covered with chemical substances that provide information about egg maternity and the queen's fertility. Given the increase in the past years of studies aiming to understand how brood can contribute to social dynamics, we reviewed the literature about the information conveyed by brood in wasp's nests across different levels of sociality. The main goal of this review was to synthesize the current knowledge and provide new venues of research. We addressed five main subjects (1) brood mediated conflicts and underlying mechanisms, (2) brood parasitism, (3) hydrocarbon cues covering brood, (4) juvenile hormone influencing brood scent and (5) other modes of communication used by brood.

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引用次数: 0

Public and media interest in bed bugs-Europe 2023 公众和媒体对臭虫的兴趣--2023 年的欧洲

Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100079

Peter Brimblecombe , Gabi Mueller , Pascal Querner

In late summer of 2023 bed bug (Cimex lectularius) infestations received much media attention especially from Paris Fashion Week (2023–09–25/2023–10–03). Concern in France has grown in recent years and the public may have been sensitised from the recent release of the report Les punaises de lit: impacts, prévention et lutte from the Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire. Additionally, families returning from summer travel for the start of the school year (2023–09–04) may have brought Cimex spp. with them. A belief, typically false, that they are associated with poor housekeeping and the commercial sensitivity of infestations makes quantitative data on the occurrence and frequency of the insects difficult to find. Often it was based on the number of consultations with physicians and enquiries about bed bugs. Our study has used Google search frequency (Google Trends) to assess the growth and spread of public interest. It found that concern over the Paris outbreak spread to neighbouring countries and was an inverse function of distance. Health issues are a popular topic in science journalism and articles with bad news, threat, continuity and geographic proximity helped generate considerable media activity such that the public perceptions of the problem were enhanced and suggests that government agencies need to collect well standardised data on bed bug occurrence. Google Trends proved a sensitive tool to follow the public concern over an insect that invokes considerable dread.

2023 年夏末，臭虫（Cimex lectularius）肆虐引起了媒体的广泛关注，尤其是巴黎时装周（2023-09-25/2023-10-03）。近年来，法国对臭虫的关注与日俱增，法国国家卫生安全局最近发布的报告《床虱：影响、预防和防治》可能已经引起了公众的注意。此外，暑期旅行归来的家庭在开学（2023-09-04）时可能会携带 Cimex spp.由于人们认为（通常是错误的）螨虫与家务管理不善和虫害的商业敏感性有关，因此很难找到关于螨虫发生率和频率的量化数据。通常情况下，这些数据是基于医生咨询和有关臭虫的询问次数。我们的研究利用谷歌搜索频率（谷歌趋势）来评估公众兴趣的增长和传播。研究发现，对巴黎疫情的关注已蔓延至邻国，并且与距离成反比。健康问题是科学新闻的热门话题，带有坏消息、威胁、连续性和地理邻近性的文章有助于引发大量媒体活动，从而增强了公众对这一问题的看法，并建议政府机构需要收集有关臭虫发生情况的标准化数据。事实证明，谷歌趋势是一个敏感的工具，可以跟踪公众对这种令人相当恐惧的昆虫的关注。

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引用次数: 0

Differentially expressed microRNAs in brains of adult females may regulate the maternal block of diapause in Sarcophaga bullata 成年雌性大脑中表达不同的 microRNA 可能会调控牛尾猿休眠的母体阻断作用

IF 2.2 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100099

Julie A. Reynolds , Emma M. Waight

The maternal regulation of diapause is one type of phenotypic plasticity where the experience of the mother leads to changes in the phenotype of her offspring that impact how well-suited they will be to their future environment. Sarcophaga bullata females with a diapause history produce offspring that cannot enter diapause even if they are reared in a diapause inducing environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs regulate diapause and, possibly, maternal regulation of diapause. We found significant differences in the abundances of several microRNAs (miR-125–5p, miR-124–3p, miR-31–5p, and miR-277–3p) in brains dissected from adult female S. bullata that had experienced diapause compared to females with no diapause history. We also found moderate differences in the mRNA expression of the circadian-clock related genes, clock, clockwork orange, and period. MiR-124–3p and miR-31–5p are part of a gene network that includes these circadian clock-related genes. Taken together our results suggest the maternal block of diapause in S. bullata is regulated, at least in part, by a network that includes microRNAs and the circadian clock.

母体对休眠的调控是表型可塑性的一种类型，即母体的经历会导致其后代表型的改变，从而影响它们对未来环境的适应程度。有停歇史的牛尾猿雌虫产生的后代即使在诱导停歇的环境中饲养也不会进入停歇。越来越多的证据表明，microRNAs 可调控休眠，也可能是母体对休眠的调控。我们发现，与没有停歇史的雌性牛尾蝠相比，经历过停歇的成年雌性牛尾蝠大脑中几种microRNA（miR-125-5p、miR-124-3p、miR-31-5p和miR-277-3p）的丰度存在明显差异。我们还发现，与昼夜节律相关的基因（时钟、钟表橙和周期）的 mRNA 表达量存在中等差异。MiR-124-3p 和 miR-31-5p 是包括这些昼夜节律相关基因在内的基因网络的一部分。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，牛蛙休眠的母体阻断至少部分是由包括 microRNA 和昼夜节律钟在内的网络调控的。

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引用次数: 0

The nutritional dimension of facultative bacterial symbiosis in aphids: Current status and methodological considerations for future research 蚜虫体内兼性细菌共生的营养层面：现状及未来研究的方法论思考

Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Current Research in Insect Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100070

François Renoz

Aphids are valuable models for studying the functional diversity of bacterial symbiosis in insects. In addition to their ancestral obligate nutritional symbiont Buchnera aphidicola, these insects can host a myriad of so-called facultative symbionts. The diversity of these heritable bacterial associates is now well known, and some of the ecologically important traits associated with them have been well documented. Some twenty years ago, it was suggested that facultative symbionts could play an important role in aphid nutrition, notably by improving feeding performance on specific host plants, thus influencing the adaptation of these insects to host plants. However, the underlying mechanisms have never been elucidated, and the nutritional role that facultative symbionts might perform in aphids remains enigmatic. In this opinion piece, I put forward a series of arguments in support of the hypothesis that facultative symbionts play a central role in aphid nutrition and emphasize methodological considerations for testing this hypothesis in future work. In particular, I hypothesize that the metabolic capacities of B. aphidicola alone may not always be able to counterbalance the nutritional deficiencies of phloem sap. The association with one or several facultative symbionts with extensive metabolic capabilities would then be necessary to buffer the insect from host plant-derived nutrient deficiencies, thus enabling it to gain access to certain host plants.

蚜虫是研究昆虫体内细菌共生功能多样性的宝贵模型。除了其祖先的强制性营养共生体 Buchnera aphidicola 外，这些昆虫还能寄生大量所谓的兼性共生体。这些可遗传的细菌伙伴的多样性现在已广为人知，与它们相关的一些重要生态特性也有详细记载。大约二十年前，有人提出，兼性共生菌可能在蚜虫的营养中发挥重要作用，特别是通过改善对特定寄主植物的取食性能，从而影响这些昆虫对寄主植物的适应。然而，其基本机制从未被阐明，而兼性共生体在蚜虫体内可能发挥的营养作用也仍然是个谜。在这篇观点文章中，我提出了一系列论点来支持面共生体在蚜虫营养中发挥核心作用的假说，并强调了在未来工作中检验这一假说的方法论考虑。特别是，我假设单靠蚜虫噬菌体的新陈代谢能力可能并不总能抵消韧皮部汁液的营养缺乏症。因此有必要与一种或几种具有广泛新陈代谢能力的面共生体结合，以缓冲寄主植物营养缺乏对昆虫的影响，从而使昆虫能够接触到某些寄主植物。

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引用次数: 0