汉语两种不相关动词复制结构的不对称性

IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS International Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI:10.1075/ijchl.20007.wan
Changsong Wang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文从动词复制结构的角度对汉语的V-de句进行了研究,并提供了更多的证据来支持描述性V-de结构与结果性V-de结构之间的区别。带有描述性V-de句的VCC (VCCD)和带有结果性V-de句的VCC (VCCR)线性描述为[NP1+ V1+ NP2 + V2 + de +XP]。VCCD和VCCR之间存在五种不对称,虽然不是很明显:(a) [V1+NP2]的移动不对称,(b)“为什么”和“什么”之间的提问不对称,(c) NP2的确定性不对称,(d) V1的重复不对称,(e)主语导向副词“故意”的不对称。为了解释这些差异,我们假设VCCD中的[V1+NP2]是一个组成部分,作为一个内部主题。而类似的分析不能推广到VCCR。我们提出[NP1+V1+NP2]是VCCR的一个组成部分,进一步投射到一个复杂的NP中,并充当句子主语。这些结构上的差异可以很好地解释岛效应中的五种不对称,以及语义和语用约束(内部主题和主语导向副词)。同时,基于方式状语修饰的限制,假设VCCD和VCCR中的V2在形态层面上通过外部形态合并(External morphological Merger)进行了外部合并,以满足de的词缀特性。V1复制为V2不是句法驱动的,而是形态驱动的。这种对VCCD和VCCR进行形态句法分析的方法,为研究V-de句和VCC提供了一个新的视角,为跨语言视角下的汉语普通话形态句法研究提供了新的思路。
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Asymmetries in two types ofde-related verb-copying constructionsin Mandarin Chinese
This article studies Chinese V-de sentences from the perspective of verb-copying constructions (VCC) and presents some more evidence in favor of the distinction between descriptive V-de constructions and resultative V-de constructions. VCC with descriptive V-de sentences (VCCD) and VCC with resultative V-de sentences (VCCR) are linearly described as [NP1+ V1+ NP2 + V2 + de +XP]. Five asymmetries, though not very sharp, have been observed between VCCD and VCCR: (a) the movement asymmetry of [V1+NP2], (b) the questioning asymmetry between weishenme ‘why’ and shenme ‘what’, (c) the definiteness asymmetry of NP2, (d) the repetition asymmetry of V1, and (e) the asymmetry of subject-oriented adverb guyi ‘intentionally’. To explain these differences, we assume that [V1+NP2] in VCCD is a constituent, acting as an internal topic. While similar analysis cannot be extended to VCCR. We propose instead that [NP1+V1+NP2] is a constituent in VCCR, projecting further into a complex NP and acting as a sentential subject. These structural differences can well explain the five asymmetries from the island effects, and the semantic and pragmatic constraints (on internal topics and subject-oriented adverbs). Meanwhile, based on the restriction of manner adverbial modification, the V2 in VCCD and VCCR is assumed to be externally merged at the morphological level via External Morphological Merger to satisfy the affixal properties of de. The copying of V1 as V2 is not driven syntactically, but morphologically. This morphosyntactic approach to VCCD and VCCR provides a new perspective to explore V-de sentences and VCC, which may shed light on the morphosyntactic studies of Mandarin Chinese from a crosslinguistic perspective.
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