Coupled sink and flow accumulation analyses with single flow direction and multiple flow direction algorithms

A static flood analysis (SFA) toolset is implemented with the purpose of performing simplified, event-based flood inundation modeling. The simulation process is divided into two steps: a topographic sink analysis of the terrain followed by flow accumulation (FA) of runoff volumes. Both procedures are coupled to account for sink storage effects. The sink analysis procedure determines the morphology of present sinks that are utilized during FA to calculate the sink storage by solving a mass balance, whereby inflows are captured in each sink according to their capacity and overflows are routed further downstream. Each sink is enriched with a set of hydrological attributes such as the total inflow, overflow, and flood depth. The flood depth is then utilized to determine the flood extent and flood depths of each sink. Two main options are made available for the FA procedure: either a single flow direction (SFD) or a novel formulation of the multiple flow direction (MFD) algorithm. Both methods were compared in terms of their accuracy with results from the TELEMAC-2D finite-volume solver for an urban inundation model. Both methods showed good agreement when compared with the validation results, with the MFD method performing marginally better than the SFD method.