考虑热预应力效应的核电站反应堆压力容器安全裕度的确定

Oleksii Ishchenko, M. Kryshchuk
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摘要

对于核电站在其设计寿命内的长期服务运行,有必要计算反应堆压力容器(RPV)强度和耐久性确认(静态强度、循环和地震载荷下的强度、脆性断裂抗力(BFR)),作为最重要的核电站结构之一。通常,根据脆性强度评估,确定RPV资源,即其后续安全运行的时间。本工作的目的是使用乌克兰温暖预应力方法评估潜在紧急事故(EA)下的BFR RPV。在EA下计算的热流体动力学参数用于计算所开发的反应堆有限元(FE)模型的应力-应变状态。为了进行研究,选择了最具指示性的场景:反应堆在高压下冷却。在RPV有限元模型中,裂纹是在最危险的地方建模的——焊缝和喷嘴。图中给出了以BFR表示的最危险事故的应力强度因子(SIF)沿裂纹前缘的分布和温度。在核电站长达60年的服务运行期间,确保了脆性强度条件,这是乌克兰最古老的VVER-1000核电站的1.5倍多。对于一些紧急事故,热预应力确实显著提高了RPV安全裕度,但对于最危险的事故,结果与不考虑WPS的情况相同。
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Safety margin determination of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel with taking into account warm pre-stress effect
In case for nuclear power plants long-term service operation over their design life, it is necessary to calculate reactor pressure vessel (RPV) strength and durability acknowledgment (static strength, strength under cyclic and seismic loads, brittle fracture resistance (BFR) include) the as one of the most important NPP structure. Usually, according to the brittle strength assessment, RPV resource is determined, that is, time of its subsequent safe operation. The purpose of this work is assessed BFR RPV at potential emergency accidents (EA) using the Ukrainian warm pre-stress approach. The calculated thermohydrodynamic parameters at EA were used to calculate the stress-strain state of the developed reactor finite element (FE) model. For researching, the most indicative scenarios were selected: where reactor is cooled at a high pressure. In RPV FE model cracks are modeled at the most dangerous places - welds and nozzle. Stress intensity factor (SIF) distribution along crack front and temperature for the most dangerous accidents in terms of BFR are presented in figures. Brittle strength condition is ensured during the nuclear power plants service operation for up to 60 years, which is more than 1.5 times more than the oldest Ukrainian power plant with VVER-1000. For some emergency accidents, warm pre-stress really significantly increased RPV safety margin, but for the most dangerous accidents, the results are the same as without taking into account WPS.
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