东部凯尔特人钱币上的骑马形象和对凯尔特战争女神的崇拜

G. Kazakevych
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文论述了来自东南欧的凯尔特硬币的图像。主要关注的是在乌克兰跨喀尔巴阡地区发现的硬币。这篇文章的目的是阐明凯尔特硬币的象征意义,特别是这些硬币背面的骑马者形象。研究方法论以结构主义方法论为基础。科学的新颖性。作者展示了这些硬币的图像是如何与凯尔特的宗教信仰和邪教联系在一起的。跨喀尔巴阡地区的凯尔特货币主要来源于腓力二世和奥多利昂的货币。跨喀尔巴阡地区和附近地区的几乎所有凯尔特硬币上都有骑马者的图像。虽然在大多数硬币上,骑手的形象都被高度示意化了,但其中一些硬币上有一个女性形象的详细图像。没有理由表明凯尔特女性曾经领导自己的社区,或者作为军事领导人或个人战士广泛参与战争。与此同时,它们在宗教和意识形态领域的战争意义重大。人们可以假设,凯尔特硬币上描绘的骑马者被认为是与战争、生育和马匹繁殖有关的神的形象。很有可能这个神实际上是Epona或其他相关的女神。这些硬币被广泛用于贸易和仪式实践。特别是,古典文献中提到了凯尔特人将硬币献给狩猎女神的仪式。带有印章的硬币的发现,类似于在高卢和加洛罗马圣地发现的硬币,也应该在本文中提及。
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HORSE-RIDER IMAGE ON THE COINS OF THE EASTERN CELTS AND THE CULT OF CELTIC WAR GODDESS
The article deals with the iconography of the Celtic coins which come from the South-Eastern Europe. Main attention is paid to the coins found in the Trans-Carpathian region of Ukraine. The aim of this article is to shed light on symbolism of the Celtic coins, in particular on a horse-rider figure on the reverse of these coins. Research methodology is based on the structuralist approach. The scientific novelty. The author shows how the imagery of the coins was connected to the Celtic religious beliefs and cults. The Celtic issues from the Trans-Carpathian region were derived chiefly from the coins of Philip II and Audoleon. A horse-rider image is present on almost all of the Celtic coins from the Trans-Carpathian area and nearby regions. While on most of coins the rider’s figure is highly schematized, some of them contain a detailed image of a female figure. There is no reason to suggest that the Celtic women used to lead their communities or were widely involved in the warfare as military leaders or individual fighters. At the same time, their significance in the religious and ideological spheres of warfare was great. One can assume that the horse-rider depicted on the Celtic coins was considered rather as an image of deity associated with war, fertility and horse-breeding. It is highly probable that this deity in fact was Epona or other related goddess. The coins were widely used in both trade and ritual practices. In particular, the Classical sources mention the Celtic ritual of devotion of coins to the goddess of hunting. The findings of coins with chop-marks, similar to those found in the Gallic and Gallo-Roman sanctuaries, should be mentioned in this context as well.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
审稿时长
20 weeks
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