世界山区的气候变化及其海拔格局

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Reviews of Geophysics Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI:10.1029/2020RG000730
N. C. Pepin, E. Arnone, A. Gobiet, K. Haslinger, S. Kotlarski, C. Notarnicola, E. Palazzi, P. Seibert, S. Serafin, W. Sch?ner, S. Terzago, J. M. Thornton, M. Vuille, C. Adler
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引用次数: 90

摘要

山区气候变化速率的量化具有相当大的意义,尤其是因为山区被视为气候“热点”,其变化可以预测或放大其他地方正在发生的变化。山区气候变化的加速对环境产生了广泛的影响,包括对世界供水至关重要的冰雪储备的枯竭。虽然海拔依赖性变暖(EDW)的概念被广泛接受,其中变暖速率按海拔分层,但尚未确定全球尺度上一致的EDW剖面。过去的评估也忽略了降水的海拔依赖性变化。本文综合分析了1900年以来的气温和降水变化对海拔的依赖关系,采用了山区的现场站温度和降水数据,以及全球网格化数据集(观测、再分析和模式预测)。成对研究(利用相邻站点)的现场观测显示,高海拔地区的增温趋势增强。然而,当所有山地/低地研究合并为两组时,没有发现高海拔和低海拔组变暖速率的系统差异。基于台站资料的降水变化不一致,山地和低地降水趋势没有系统对比。格网数据集(CRU、GISTEMP、GPCC、ERA5和CMIP5)显示,在一些地区,高海拔地区的变暖速度增加,但在全球尺度上,山区的变暖没有普遍放大。全球山地降水的增加弱于低海拔地区,这意味着降水的海拔依赖性降低,特别是在中纬度地区。格网数据集之间关于海拔相关变化的一致性在温度方面较弱,但在降水方面较强。
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Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World

Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or amplify what is occurring elsewhere. Accelerating mountain climate change has extensive environmental impacts, including depletion of snow/ice reserves, critical for the world's water supply. Whilst the concept of elevation-dependent warming (EDW), whereby warming rates are stratified by elevation, is widely accepted, no consistent EDW profile at the global scale has been identified. Past assessments have also neglected elevation-dependent changes in precipitation. In this comprehensive analysis, both in situ station temperature and precipitation data from mountain regions, and global gridded data sets (observations, reanalyses, and model hindcasts) are employed to examine the elevation dependency of temperature and precipitation changes since 1900. In situ observations in paired studies (using adjacent stations) show a tendency toward enhanced warming at higher elevations. However, when all mountain/lowland studies are pooled into two groups, no systematic difference in high versus low elevation group warming rates is found. Precipitation changes based on station data are inconsistent with no systematic contrast between mountain and lowland precipitation trends. Gridded data sets (CRU, GISTEMP, GPCC, ERA5, and CMIP5) show increased warming rates at higher elevations in some regions, but on a global scale there is no universal amplification of warming in mountains. Increases in mountain precipitation are weaker than for low elevations worldwide, meaning reduced elevation-dependency of precipitation, especially in midlatitudes. Agreement on elevation-dependent changes between gridded data sets is weak for temperature but stronger for precipitation.

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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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