运动员心理需求对动机、倦怠和幸福感的影响:自我决定理论的检验

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1123/jcsp.2022-0004
S. Shannon, N. Brick, G. Prentice, G. Breslin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

体育在运动员的生活中扮演着重要的角色;然而,运动经历可能对心理健康产生积极和消极的影响,包括倦怠和/或幸福感。对685名运动员(Mage = 23.39, SD = 6.22, 71% =男性)进行了横断面调查,检验了与幸福感和倦怠相关的多种互补自决理论假设。采用了包含验证性因素和通径分析的多阶段建模方法,结果显示幸福感(R2 = 0.30)和职业倦怠(R2 = 0.35)的差异显著。几个直接影响被发现符合自决理论,包括之间;需求-支持和需求-满足(β = 0.48),需求-控制和需求-挫折(β = 0.44);需求满足与动机取向(β = 0.25);需求满意度和幸福感(β = 0.37),需求挫折感和倦怠(β = 0.25);动机取向与倦怠(β = - 0.27),动机取向与幸福感(β = 0.18)。通过教练需求-支持、需求-满足和动机取向的顺序(β = 0.24和β = - 0.22),以及通过教练需求-控制、需求挫折和动机取向的顺序(β = - 0.12),发现幸福感和倦怠的间接影响。总之,建议以教练为基础的运动心理健康干预措施,促进需求支持行为的利用,同时也强调需要尽量减少需求控制行为,以预防运动员的倦怠和促进健康。
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The Influence of Athletes’ Psychological Needs on Motivation, Burnout, and Well-Being: A Test of Self-Determination Theory
Sport provides a significant role in the lives of athletes; however, both positive and negative mental health effects may occur from sporting experiences, including burnout and/or well-being. A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 685 athletes (Mage = 23.39, SD = 6.22, 71% = male), testing multiple, complementary, self-determination theory hypotheses linked to well-being, and burnout. A multistage modeling approach encompassing confirmatory factor and path analysis was utilized, with results showing significant variance explained for well-being (R2 = .30) and burnout (R2 = .35). Several direct effects were found in line with self-determination theory, including between; needs-support and needs-satisfaction (β = 0.48), and needs-control and needs-frustration (β = 0.44); needs-satisfaction and motivational orientation (β = 0.25); needs-satisfaction and well-being (β = 0.37), and needs frustration and burnout (β = 0.25); and motivational orientation and burnout (β = −0.27), and motivational orientation and well-being (β = 0.18). Indirect effects were found for well-being and burnout via coach needs-support, needs-satisfaction, and motivational orientation in sequence (β = 0.24 and β = −0.22, respectively), in addition to burnout via coach needs-control, needs frustration, and motivational orientation in sequence (β = −0.12). To conclude, coach-based, sporting mental health interventions that promote the utilization of needs-supportive behaviors, while also highlighting the need to minimize needs-controlling behaviors, are recommended for the prevention of burnout and the promotion of well-being in athletes.
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CiteScore
3.20
自引率
10.50%
发文量
35
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