近似地主港口管理模式:乌克兰背景

V. Shemayev, Larysa Shemayeva
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引用次数: 1

摘要

随着乌克兰港口改革的开始,港口部门的治理模式发生了变化。乌克兰海港管理局成立于2013年,被赋予行政、海上安全和安保职能。纯粹的商业活动仍由公共和私营装卸公司和海运码头进行。这种功能在海港的分布使国内的治理模式更接近于北美和西北欧著名的“地主-港口模式”。研究结果确定的方面,即对地块的控制、乌克兰萨港务局的法律地位、国有装卸工人的存在以及与地方当局的不稳定关系,不允许将传统意义上的地主-港口国内港口治理模式分类。后者更倾向于乌克兰的一种混合模式,其中包含地主-港口模式的一些元素,如特许权、私人参与服务等。在乌克兰海港管理局的港口地主模式中,最脆弱的因素是缺乏管理港区的机制,因为海港中存在几种类型的土地所有者,包括公共、地方和私人实体。文章提出了一系列措施,包括乌克兰海港管理局的公司化,立法修正案,特许费分配的创新,支持国家退出港口的装卸活动部分,以及港口领土的清单,这些措施的实施可以使乌克兰模式在质量上更接近西北欧的港口管理实践。此外,让地方当局作为常任理事国参与海港委员会的活动,以及在乌克兰海港管理局公司化之后,参与自治港口当局共同拥有的试点项目(例如在敖德萨港和尼古拉耶夫港),可以促进港口和地方治理之间的可持续合作
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APPROXIMATION TO A LANDLORD PORT MANAGEMENT MODEL: UKRAINIAN CONTEXT
With the beginning of port reform in Ukraine, the model of port sector gover-nance was changed. Established in 2013, the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority was endowed with administrative, maritime safety and security functions. Purely commercial activities remained with public and private stevedoring companies and marine terminals. This distribution of functionality in seaports has brought the domestic governance model closer to the well-known in North America and North-Western Europe – landlord-port model. The aspects identified as a result of the study,namely control over land plots, legal status of the Ukrainian Sa Ports Authority, the presence of state stevedores, and unsettled relations with local authorities, do not allow to classify the domestic port governance model in the classical sense of landlord-port. The latter points rather to a hybrid model in Ukraine with some elements of landlord-port model, such as concessions, private participation in services etc. The most vulnerable element in the context of the port-landlord model at the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority is the lack of a mechanism for managing port areas due to the presence of several types of landowners in a seaport including public, local and private entities. The article proposes a number of measures, including corporatization of the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority, amendments to the legislation, innovations in the distribution of concession fees, support of the state's exit from the stevedoring activity segment in ports, as wellas an inventory of port territories, the implementation of which can qualitatively bring the Ukrainian model closer to the port management practices of North-Western Europe. In addition, involvement of local authorities into activities of seaport councils as permanent members, and -after corporatization of Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority- to participate in pilot projects of joint ownership of autonomous port authorities (for example in the ports of Odessa and Mykolayiv) could facilitate a sustainable cooperation between a port and local governance
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审稿时长
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