Advances in the CD40-mediated Manipulation Strategies

ABSTRACT: Immune homeostasis is crucial in a normal physiological, diseased, or pathogenic state and is mediated by numerous biological molecules. Certain pairs of costimulatory molecules, such as CD40-CD154 play major roles in many different situations. The functions of CD40-CD154 are pivotal for the maintenance of the immune system, cancer prevention, promotion of autoimmune disorders, and fighting against many pathogens. Since the discovery of CD40-CD154, numerous approaches have been taken to dissect this pathway favoring the interest of the host. Ranging from generating small peptides to mutated CD40L to agonistic or antagonistic antibodies have been tested in different models with varying levels of success. This review focuses on the various strategies that have been employed to manipulate CD40-CD154 dyad. Comprehensive knowledge of the understanding of different manipulation strategies of the CD40-CD154 pathway could be important for therapeutic purposes.