万物理论存在吗?

viXra Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI:10.29202/PHIL-COSM/26/11
J. R. Johnson
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引用次数: 1

摘要

自从爱因斯坦未能定义大统一理论以来,物理学家们一直在寻求一种解释自然的综合理论,即万物理论。但是,由于广义相对论、量子场论和宇宙学几乎没有共同之处,定义一个理论是一项艰巨的任务,90年来,最优秀的科学家一直没有完成这项任务。那么,我们是否接近于定义万物理论了呢?在定义需求(必须包括初始条件)之后,该分析确定了万物理论的四种可能选项。引用著名物理学家的话,对每一种选择表达了不同的观点。关于万物理论的主要建议是弦理论,它可能存在问题。它需要超对称,具有额外的压缩维度,并且依赖于背景。第二个不太全面的理论是环量子引力,它强调基于离散量子空间的背景无关性。解释理论如何定义时空、量子空间、量子时间和量子引力之间的关系,定位背景独立性在拟议理论中的作用。如果超对称和额外维度被发现,弦理论或与环量子引力相结合的修正弦理论可能是一个选择。或者,可能会发展出一种全新的理论。或者,正如最后一个选项所考虑的,这个问题的答案——万物理论存在吗?——也许不是;如果是这样,大自然将永远是一个谜。关键词:万有理论,弦理论,环量子引力,广义相对论,量子力学,宇宙学,时空
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Does a Theory of Everything Exist?
Since Einstein’s failure to define a Grand Unified Theory, physicists have pursued a comprehensive theory explaining nature, a Theory of Everything. But because General Relativity, Quantum Field Theory, and Cosmology have little in common, defining one theory is an imposing task having eluded the best scientists for ninety years. So are we close to defining a Theory of Everything? This analysis, after defining requirements (which must include initial conditions), identifies four possible options for a Theory of Everything. Quotes from prominent physicists express divergent views on each alternative. The leading proposal for a Theory of Everything is String Theory, which has possible issues. It requires supersymmetry, has extra compacted dimensions, and is background-dependent. A second less comprehensive theory is Loop Quantum Gravity which emphases background-independence based on discrete quantum space. Explaining how theories define relationships between spacetime, quantum space, quantum time, and quantum gravity, positions the role of background-independence in proposed theories. If super symmetry and extra dimensions are discovered, String Theory or a modified String Theory integrated with Loop Quantum Gravity, may be the option. Or, possibly a radically new theory might be developed. Or, as the last option considers, the answer to the question - Does a Theory of Everything exist? - may be no; if so, nature will always be a mystery. Keywords: Theory of Everything, String Theory, Loop Quantum Gravity, General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Cosmology, Spacetime.
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