土壤微生物分析的分子方法:法医视角

Preeti Sangwan, Tarsem Nain, Priyanka Yadav, Neelkamal Sharma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤微生物法医领域的发展为微生物如何在刑事调查中发挥关键作用提供了法律答案。它是一门先进的跨学科科学,能够在刑事调查、环境犯罪和反恐方面提供重要的物证。土壤微生物取证包括不同的技术来识别和评估微生物丰度,它们的复杂性,以及它们与土壤和周围物体的相互作用。本文综述了各种微生物分析技术,如末端限制性片段长度多态性,温度/变性梯度凝胶电泳,扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析,长度异质性PCR,磷脂衍生脂肪酸,荧光原位杂交,稳定同位素探测和使用下一代测序的宏基因组学。本文还总结了土壤微生物法医学面临的挑战,各种统计方法,法医土壤研究中常用的参考数据库,以及法医实验室使用的不同方法方法。文献研究使用各种在线书目数据库,如Google Scholar、Web of Science、Pub Med、Scopus和其他几个搜索引擎。本文所产生的确凿证据表明,土壤微生物对于帮助法医和研究人员选择适当的方法来区分土壤样品的重要性。通过比较,认为微生物分子靶向分析作为法医土壤分型工具具有很大的潜力,值得进一步研究。
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Molecular Approaches in Soil Microbial Analysis: Forensic Perspective
The growing field of soil microbial forensics provides the legal answer to how microorganisms play a crucial role in criminal investigations. It is an advanced crossdisciplinary science capable of offering significant physical evidence with considerable interest in criminal investigations, environmental crime, and counterterrorism. Microbial forensics of soil consists of different techniques to identify and evaluate microbial abundance, their complexity, and their interaction with soil and surrounding objects. The present review highlights various microbial analysis techniques such as Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, Temperature/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis, Length Heterogeneity PCR, Phospholipid-derived fatty acids, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Stable-isotope probing and metagenomics using nextgeneration sequencing. This article also summarises the challenges faced in soil microbial forensics, various statistical approaches, reference databases commonly used in forensic soil studies, and different methodological approaches used in forensic laboratories. Literature was studied using various online bibliographic databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med, Scopus, and several other search engines. Conclusive evidence generated by this paper signifies the importance of soil microbes to assist forensic scientists and researchers in selecting adequate methods to differentiate soil samples. The present comparative study concluded that targeted molecular analysis of microbes as a forensic soil typing tool has a lot of potential and should be investigated further.
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