干旱胁迫信号对药用植物生长和次生代谢产物的影响

S. Shil, S. Dewanjee
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引用次数: 1

摘要

药用植物具有多种植物化学成分,如次生植物代谢物(生物碱、萜类、酚类、类固醇、类黄酮、单宁、氰苷和硫代葡萄糖苷、精油和芳香化合物等),易受到干旱等非生物胁迫。干旱是主要的生态限制因子之一,对几种药用植物的生长和次生代谢过程具有重要影响。水分胁迫导致植物大小、密度减小、叶面积减少、总生物量减少,不仅改变了植物的结构和解剖结构,而且导致了植物次生化学成分的波动。植物次生代谢物(SPMs)可用于评价治疗成分的质量和数量,植物合成的此类代谢物有助于应对逆境的负面影响,以适应和防御。大量研究表明,干旱影响植物根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子等部位SPMs的生产和积累,导致其溶质浓度的增加或减少可达50%。研究表明,一种药用植物在胁迫和非胁迫环境下产生不同浓度的特定代谢物。干旱胁迫下,植物活性化学物质如生物碱、单宁、萜类等的浓度升高,而酚类、黄酮类和皂苷等的浓度降低。在大多数情况下,作为一个整体,可能不得不从比较分析中得出结论,在干旱条件下生长的药用植物比在最佳条件下生长的药用植物表现出更高的次生植物产物含量。此外,所有次生产物在胁迫下可能不会以相同的比例增加,这取决于干旱的强度以及药用植物的种类。因此,中度干旱胁迫显著提高了药用植物次生活性物质的质量和数量。然而,为了更好地深入了解,在分子水平上进一步研究是至关重要的,使用新技术,即蛋白质组学,代谢组学,转录组学和基因组学等。
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Impact of drought stress signals on growth and secondary metabolites (SMs) in medicinal plants
Medicinal plants having diversified phytochemical compounds like secondary plant metabolites (alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, steroids, flavanoids, tannins, cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates, essential oils and aromatic compounds etc) are subject to abiotic stress like drought. Drought, one of the major ecologically limiting factors has significant impact on growth and secondary metabolic process of several medicinal plants. Water stress causes a reduction in plant size, density, reduces plant leaf area, and decrease in whole biomass, and not only alters the plant structurally and anatomically but also leads to fluctuation of their secondary chemical constituents. Secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) are useful to assess the quality and quantity of the therapeutic ingredients and such metabolites synthesized by the plant helps to cope up towards the negative effects of stress for adaptation and defence. A large number of studies manifested from the relevant review that drought influences on SPMs production and accumulation from plant parts like roots, stems, leaves, flower, fruits, seeds etc and causes an increase or decrease in their solute concentration by up to 50%. Studies showed that a medicinal plant produces different concentration of a particular metabolite grown under stress and non-stress environment. Generally, drought stress accumulates a higher concentration of active phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids etc whereas concentration of phenols, flavanoids and saponins etc decreases under drought. In most cases as a whole, it may have to be concluding from comparative analysis that medicinal plants grown under drought exhibits higher content of secondary plant products than grown under optimal conditions. In addition, all secondary products may not increase in equal proportions under stress and it depends on the intensity of the drought as well as species of medicinal plants. Thus, moderate drought stress significantly enhanced the quality as well as quantity of secondary active substances in medicinal plants. However, for better understanding indepth further research is utmost essential at molecular level using new techniques viz. Proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomes and genomics etc.
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