Background: Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder which leads to complications that affects the heart, liver, kidney, and other vital organs. This investigation examines the biochemical effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Citrus aurantium decoction in the treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-Eight (28) healthy Wistar rats, with average weights of 100 ± 20g, were divided into four groups, each consisting of five rats. Group I served as the normal control whereas diabetes was induced with 50 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin in Groups II – IV. While rats in Groups III and IV were treated with 2 mL of plant decoction and metformin, respectively, rats in Group II served as untreated control. The effect of the decoction on the total protein, glucose, creatinine, lipid profile, ALT, SOD and CAT levels were determined. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with the decoction resulted in a significant reduction in the blood glucose, total protein, creatinine as well as catalase levels compared with the untreated control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, administration of the decoction to diabetic rats caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the lipid profile parameters compared with the untreated control (Group II). These effects were similar to those observed with metformin treatment. Conclusion: These results show the hypoglyceamic potential of the plant decoction and presents a cheaper and readily available remedy for the management of diabetes in low-income countries.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of the anti-diabetic effect of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Citrus aurantium decoction on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats","authors":"Osemwenkhae Osaretin Precious, Asiriuwa Nathaniel Uwagboe","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13309","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder which leads to complications that affects the heart, liver, kidney, and other vital organs. This investigation examines the biochemical effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Citrus aurantium decoction in the treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-Eight (28) healthy Wistar rats, with average weights of 100 ± 20g, were divided into four groups, each consisting of five rats. Group I served as the normal control whereas diabetes was induced with 50 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin in Groups II – IV. While rats in Groups III and IV were treated with 2 mL of plant decoction and metformin, respectively, rats in Group II served as untreated control. The effect of the decoction on the total protein, glucose, creatinine, lipid profile, ALT, SOD and CAT levels were determined. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with the decoction resulted in a significant reduction in the blood glucose, total protein, creatinine as well as catalase levels compared with the untreated control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, administration of the decoction to diabetic rats caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the lipid profile parameters compared with the untreated control (Group II). These effects were similar to those observed with metformin treatment. Conclusion: These results show the hypoglyceamic potential of the plant decoction and presents a cheaper and readily available remedy for the management of diabetes in low-income countries.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13307
K. Babu, DK Srinivasa Prabhu
Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. (Asparagaceae) is a perennial herb, commonly known as mother-in-law’s tongue, cultivated as an ornamental plant in homes and parks, native to tropical West Africa. The leaves and rhizomes are traditionally used against acne, fungal infections, skin itches, allergy, ulcer, helminths, earache, pharyngitis, urinary diseases, jaundice, analgesic and antipyretic in various countries. This review comprehensively describes the botany, traditional use, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacology of this multidimensional herb.
{"title":"Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. – Traditional use, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacology: A comprehensive review","authors":"K. Babu, DK Srinivasa Prabhu","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13307","url":null,"abstract":"Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. (Asparagaceae) is a perennial herb, commonly known as mother-in-law’s tongue, cultivated as an ornamental plant in homes and parks, native to tropical West Africa. The leaves and rhizomes are traditionally used against acne, fungal infections, skin itches, allergy, ulcer, helminths, earache, pharyngitis, urinary diseases, jaundice, analgesic and antipyretic in various countries. This review comprehensively describes the botany, traditional use, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacology of this multidimensional herb.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13301
D. Gaichu
Background: Although herbal extracts are often regarded as natural and without harmful effects, their application in the practice of modern medicine is usually viewed with skepticism because of many concerns, including toxicity. Ximenia americana and Pappea capensis are widely used in traditional treatment of various pathologies. However, the available data on their safety is still scanty. This study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of the two plants in mice. Materials and Methods: For acute toxicity studies, three groups were used. Group I mice were given normal saline; groups II and III mice were given a single dose of 2000 mg/Kg bw of X. americana and P. capensis extract, respectively. For sub-acute toxicity studies, seven groups of mice were used. Group I was given normal saline; groups II, III and IV were treated with X. americana extract, whereas groups V, VI and VII were treated with P. capensis extract. Extract doses of 250, 430 and 750 mg/Kg bw were used, respectively. Animals were treated daily for 28 days. Results: The extracts did not cause significant change in behavioral factors, body weights, red and white cell indices, and kidney functions in mice. However, at 2000 mg/Kg bw, X. americana extract caused a significant increase in relative pancreas weight. Additionally, at 750 mg/Kg bw, X. americana extract caused a significant increase in platelet distribution width, and total and indirect bilirubin. The extracts did not significantly alter kidneys functions. Conclusions: According to the current study findings, it was concluded that the extracts are devoid of neurotoxic, hematotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. However, X. americana extract possess mild hepatotoxic effects. It was also concluded that lethal dose of the extracts is greater than 2000 mg/Kg bw. Therefore, X. americana and P. capensis extracts are generally safe for use in traditional treatment of various diseases.
背景：尽管草药提取物通常被认为是天然的，不会产生有害影响，但在现代医学实践中，人们通常对其应用持怀疑态度，因为存在许多顾虑，包括毒性。美国茜草和山栀被广泛用于各种病症的传统治疗。然而，有关其安全性的现有数据仍然很少。本研究评估了这两种植物对小鼠急性和亚急性毒性的影响。材料和方法：急性毒性研究分为三组。I 组小鼠给予正常生理盐水；II 组和 III 组小鼠分别给予单剂量 2000 毫克/千克体重的 X. americana 和 P. capensis 提取物。亚急性毒性研究使用了七组小鼠。第一组给予正常生理盐水；第二、三和四组使用 X. americana 提取物，而第五、六和七组使用 P. capensis 提取物。提取物剂量分别为 250、430 和 750 毫克/千克体重。动物每天接受治疗，连续 28 天。研究结果萃取物对小鼠的行为因素、体重、红细胞和白细胞指数以及肾功能均无明显影响。但是，在 2000 毫克/千克体重的剂量下，X. americana 提取物会导致胰腺相对重量显著增加。此外，750 毫克/千克体重的 X. americana 提取物会导致血小板分布宽度、总胆红素和间接胆红素显著增加。萃取物对肾脏功能没有明显改变。结论根据目前的研究结果，可以得出结论：萃取物没有神经毒性、血液毒性和肾毒性作用。不过，X. americana 提取物具有轻微的肝毒性作用。研究还得出结论，萃取物的致死剂量大于 2000 毫克/千克体重。因此，X. americana 和 P. capensis 提取物一般可安全用于各种疾病的传统治疗。
{"title":"Acute and Sub-Acute Toxic Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Ximenia americana (Linn.) and Pappea capensis (Eckl. and Zeyh.)","authors":"D. Gaichu","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although herbal extracts are often regarded as natural and without harmful effects, their application in the practice of modern medicine is usually viewed with skepticism because of many concerns, including toxicity. Ximenia americana and Pappea capensis are widely used in traditional treatment of various pathologies. However, the available data on their safety is still scanty. This study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of the two plants in mice. Materials and Methods: For acute toxicity studies, three groups were used. Group I mice were given normal saline; groups II and III mice were given a single dose of 2000 mg/Kg bw of X. americana and P. capensis extract, respectively. For sub-acute toxicity studies, seven groups of mice were used. Group I was given normal saline; groups II, III and IV were treated with X. americana extract, whereas groups V, VI and VII were treated with P. capensis extract. Extract doses of 250, 430 and 750 mg/Kg bw were used, respectively. Animals were treated daily for 28 days. Results: The extracts did not cause significant change in behavioral factors, body weights, red and white cell indices, and kidney functions in mice. However, at 2000 mg/Kg bw, X. americana extract caused a significant increase in relative pancreas weight. Additionally, at 750 mg/Kg bw, X. americana extract caused a significant increase in platelet distribution width, and total and indirect bilirubin. The extracts did not significantly alter kidneys functions. Conclusions: According to the current study findings, it was concluded that the extracts are devoid of neurotoxic, hematotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. However, X. americana extract possess mild hepatotoxic effects. It was also concluded that lethal dose of the extracts is greater than 2000 mg/Kg bw. Therefore, X. americana and P. capensis extracts are generally safe for use in traditional treatment of various diseases.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13305
Usha Devi, S. A. Ansari, Asma Sattar Khan, Anees Ahmad, Mohammed Wasim Ahmed, Rampratap Meena
Seed of Areca catechu commonly known as ‘Areca nut’ or ‘Betel nut’ belongs to Arecaceae family. It is native to Malaysia and cultivated in subtropical region of South China and India for their economically important seed crop. Areca nut is reddish to light yellowish brown, hard, ovoid, ellipsoidal or globose, internally are mottled with ruminated brownish endosperm tissue alternating with white tissue. In the Indian traditional medicine system Areca nut has been considered one of the important single drug which is therapeutically useful in a number of formulations of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani preparation. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants is mainly responsible for various pharmacological properties. It has been widely accepted that medicinal plants are safe and effective treatments for various diseases and ailments. Several pharmacological activities such as antimycotic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities are attributed to it. In classical literature of Unani system of medicine, Areca nut is commonly called ‘Fufal’ and considered astringent, diuretic, emmenogogue, nervine tonic. Local application is useful in acute inflammation, trachoma, sialorrhea, gingivitis and as a tonic for heart. In the current scenario, standardizing herbal materials at a rapid pace has become a major challenge due to the growing demand for herbal medicines. Although herbal drugs are generally effective, and their effectiveness can be impacted by adulteration and lack of standardization. The present study is focused on authentication of the Areca nut by developing different pharmacognostic standards such as macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting. The majority of the market sample are either contaminated by cancer-causing fungi or adulterated with harmful chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals that known to cause several health problems on human beings. So, the drug was also evaluated for several quality parameters, like heavy metals, microbial load, aflatoxins, and pesticides. The current study data can serve as reference standards for verifying Areca nut's purity, safety, and effectiveness.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic evaluation and development of quality control parameters for Fufal (Areca nut)","authors":"Usha Devi, S. A. Ansari, Asma Sattar Khan, Anees Ahmad, Mohammed Wasim Ahmed, Rampratap Meena","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13305","url":null,"abstract":"Seed of Areca catechu commonly known as ‘Areca nut’ or ‘Betel nut’ belongs to Arecaceae family. It is native to Malaysia and cultivated in subtropical region of South China and India for their economically important seed crop. Areca nut is reddish to light yellowish brown, hard, ovoid, ellipsoidal or globose, internally are mottled with ruminated brownish endosperm tissue alternating with white tissue. In the Indian traditional medicine system Areca nut has been considered one of the important single drug which is therapeutically useful in a number of formulations of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani preparation. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants is mainly responsible for various pharmacological properties. It has been widely accepted that medicinal plants are safe and effective treatments for various diseases and ailments. Several pharmacological activities such as antimycotic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities are attributed to it. In classical literature of Unani system of medicine, Areca nut is commonly called ‘Fufal’ and considered astringent, diuretic, emmenogogue, nervine tonic. Local application is useful in acute inflammation, trachoma, sialorrhea, gingivitis and as a tonic for heart. In the current scenario, standardizing herbal materials at a rapid pace has become a major challenge due to the growing demand for herbal medicines. Although herbal drugs are generally effective, and their effectiveness can be impacted by adulteration and lack of standardization. The present study is focused on authentication of the Areca nut by developing different pharmacognostic standards such as macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting. The majority of the market sample are either contaminated by cancer-causing fungi or adulterated with harmful chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals that known to cause several health problems on human beings. So, the drug was also evaluated for several quality parameters, like heavy metals, microbial load, aflatoxins, and pesticides. The current study data can serve as reference standards for verifying Areca nut's purity, safety, and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13303
Shri Ram Bharat, Archana Suyal, Brijesh Kumar, S. K. Jha, Rajeev Saini
Extracts of Fumaria species have been traditionally used since ages in India, as they have potential for treatment of skin, scalp diseases, rheumatism, stomach ache and fever mainly because of the presence of many secondary metabolites which makes them pharmacologically valuable, specifically, alkaloids which are considered to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The purpose of this work was to compare Fumaria indica methanolic formulation with fumaria officinalis methanolic formulation using phytochemical profiling by HPTLC. Which showed that both the species are closely identical to each other. Therefore, this article suggests that Fumaria indica methanolic formulation can be used as an alternative of fumaria officinalis methanolic formulation as both have similarity in phytochemical ingredients when compared. In addition, the In-house developed formulation is economical and efficacious alternative towards market formulation.
{"title":"Comparison and Efficacy Study of In-house Developed Formulation of Fumaria indica (Pitpapra) Against Expensive Market Alternative","authors":"Shri Ram Bharat, Archana Suyal, Brijesh Kumar, S. K. Jha, Rajeev Saini","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13303","url":null,"abstract":"Extracts of Fumaria species have been traditionally used since ages in India, as they have potential for treatment of skin, scalp diseases, rheumatism, stomach ache and fever mainly because of the presence of many secondary metabolites which makes them pharmacologically valuable, specifically, alkaloids which are considered to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The purpose of this work was to compare Fumaria indica methanolic formulation with fumaria officinalis methanolic formulation using phytochemical profiling by HPTLC. Which showed that both the species are closely identical to each other. Therefore, this article suggests that Fumaria indica methanolic formulation can be used as an alternative of fumaria officinalis methanolic formulation as both have similarity in phytochemical ingredients when compared. In addition, the In-house developed formulation is economical and efficacious alternative towards market formulation.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13302
Nadine Florence Ambomo, R. Gounoue, J. Donfack, F. Ngueguim, Angèle Carine Bidja, P. Dzeufiet, T. Dimo
Background: Poor nutritional status disrupts bone metabolism leading to fractures. This study investigated the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Alstonia boonei on fractured rats fed a diet supplemented with oxidised palm oil and sucrose. Methods: The iodine, peroxide and acidity indexes of the oxidised palm oil were determined. Bone damage was induced by feeding rats an oxidised palm oil/sucrose enriched diet for 16 weeks followed by fracture. Fractured animals received distilled water or plant extract (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) simultaneously with their diet for two weeks. Biochemical parameters including lipid profile, bone markers, oxidative stress and hematological parameters were assessed. X-rays and histology of the femur were performed. Results: Oxidised palm oil showed a significant increase in the peroxide and acidity indexes, while the iodine index decreased. Fractured rats fed a diet enriched with oxidised palm oil and sucrose exhibited dyslipidemia, altered haematological parameters and oxidative stress bone ALP activity with poor natural bone formation. Fracture induced a decrease in bone calcium and an increase in bone ALP. A. boonei extract improved lipid profile, hematological and oxidative stress parameters. There was a significant increase in femoral calcium and a significant decrease in femoral ALP. In addition, a better organisation of the bone architecture was observed, with a marked effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results suggest that A. boonei leaf improves bone repair in poor nutritional conditions, thanks to its hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties mediated by the minerals and secondary metabolites contained in the extract.
背景：营养不良会破坏骨代谢，导致骨折。本研究调查了 Alstonia boonei 的水性叶提取物对以氧化棕榈油和蔗糖为辅食的骨折大鼠的影响。研究方法测定氧化棕榈油的碘、过氧化物和酸度指数。用富含氧化棕榈油和蔗糖的食物喂养大鼠 16 周，诱发骨骼损伤，然后造成骨折。骨折动物在饮食中同时摄入蒸馏水或植物提取物（50、100 或 200 毫克/千克），为期两周。对生化指标进行了评估，包括脂质概况、骨标志物、氧化应激和血液学指标。对股骨进行了 X 射线检查和组织学检查。结果显示氧化棕榈油的过氧化物指数和酸度指数显著增加，而碘指数下降。以富含氧化棕榈油和蔗糖的食物喂养的骨折大鼠表现出血脂异常、血液学参数改变、氧化应激骨 ALP 活性和自然骨形成不良。骨折导致骨钙减少，骨 ALP 增加。A. boonei 提取物改善了血脂、血液学和氧化应激参数。股骨钙明显增加，股骨 ALP 明显降低。此外，还观察到骨结构的更好组织，剂量为 100 毫克/千克时效果明显。结论这些结果表明，A. boonei叶能改善营养不良条件下的骨修复，这要归功于其提取物中的矿物质和次生代谢产物所具有的降血脂和抗氧化特性。
{"title":"Aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae) alleviates bone metabolism disorders induced by oxidised palm oil and sucrose supplementation in rats","authors":"Nadine Florence Ambomo, R. Gounoue, J. Donfack, F. Ngueguim, Angèle Carine Bidja, P. Dzeufiet, T. Dimo","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor nutritional status disrupts bone metabolism leading to fractures. This study investigated the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Alstonia boonei on fractured rats fed a diet supplemented with oxidised palm oil and sucrose. Methods: The iodine, peroxide and acidity indexes of the oxidised palm oil were determined. Bone damage was induced by feeding rats an oxidised palm oil/sucrose enriched diet for 16 weeks followed by fracture. Fractured animals received distilled water or plant extract (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) simultaneously with their diet for two weeks. Biochemical parameters including lipid profile, bone markers, oxidative stress and hematological parameters were assessed. X-rays and histology of the femur were performed. Results: Oxidised palm oil showed a significant increase in the peroxide and acidity indexes, while the iodine index decreased. Fractured rats fed a diet enriched with oxidised palm oil and sucrose exhibited dyslipidemia, altered haematological parameters and oxidative stress bone ALP activity with poor natural bone formation. Fracture induced a decrease in bone calcium and an increase in bone ALP. A. boonei extract improved lipid profile, hematological and oxidative stress parameters. There was a significant increase in femoral calcium and a significant decrease in femoral ALP. In addition, a better organisation of the bone architecture was observed, with a marked effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results suggest that A. boonei leaf improves bone repair in poor nutritional conditions, thanks to its hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties mediated by the minerals and secondary metabolites contained in the extract.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13308
Bhavdip B. Parmar, Krina M Patel, K. Sadariya, S. Bhavsar
The study was planned to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of clove bud powder in broiler. Total of 60 chicks were divided randomly to 5 groups. Group I served as control and given only basal diet. Group II served as standard control and given basal diet with vitamin E and selenium containing proprietary product in water. Groups III, IV and V were given clove powder at the dose rate of 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg feed for 35 days, respectively. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response was carried out to assess the cell mediated immunity on 14th day of age. Blood was collected on 7th, 21st and 35th day of age and serum was separated to estimate antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Virus vaccine by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and biochemical parameters like serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin to globulin ratio (A/G). On 35th day, thin blood smears were prepared to determine differential leucocyte counts microscopically. At the end of the experiment, birds were sacrificed for histopathological examinations. Chicks supplemented with clove powder at 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg feed and vitamin E & selenium showed significantly higher CBH response. Birds supplemented with clove powder at 5 and 10 g/kg feed and vitamin E & selenium showed significantly increased antibody titre as compared to control birds. The result indicates clove powder has beneficial effect in terms of augmenting the cell mediated as well as humoral immune response in broiler. Clove powder supplementation significantly increased the serum total protein, serum globulin and significantly decreased albumin to globulin ratio. Birds supplemented with clove powder (2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg) in feed showed significantly decreased heterophil to lymphocyte ratio suggesting its beneficial effect on cell mediated immune response. Histopathological evaluation of bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus showed no histopathological alteration in birds supplemented with clove powder. Result of the present study revealed that supplementation of clove powder at given doses in feed was possesses immunostimulant effects in broiler.
{"title":"Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activities of Clove Powder in Broiler","authors":"Bhavdip B. Parmar, Krina M Patel, K. Sadariya, S. Bhavsar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13308","url":null,"abstract":"The study was planned to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of clove bud powder in broiler. Total of 60 chicks were divided randomly to 5 groups. Group I served as control and given only basal diet. Group II served as standard control and given basal diet with vitamin E and selenium containing proprietary product in water. Groups III, IV and V were given clove powder at the dose rate of 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg feed for 35 days, respectively. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response was carried out to assess the cell mediated immunity on 14th day of age. Blood was collected on 7th, 21st and 35th day of age and serum was separated to estimate antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Virus vaccine by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and biochemical parameters like serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin to globulin ratio (A/G). On 35th day, thin blood smears were prepared to determine differential leucocyte counts microscopically. At the end of the experiment, birds were sacrificed for histopathological examinations. Chicks supplemented with clove powder at 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg feed and vitamin E & selenium showed significantly higher CBH response. Birds supplemented with clove powder at 5 and 10 g/kg feed and vitamin E & selenium showed significantly increased antibody titre as compared to control birds. The result indicates clove powder has beneficial effect in terms of augmenting the cell mediated as well as humoral immune response in broiler. Clove powder supplementation significantly increased the serum total protein, serum globulin and significantly decreased albumin to globulin ratio. Birds supplemented with clove powder (2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg) in feed showed significantly decreased heterophil to lymphocyte ratio suggesting its beneficial effect on cell mediated immune response. Histopathological evaluation of bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus showed no histopathological alteration in birds supplemented with clove powder. Result of the present study revealed that supplementation of clove powder at given doses in feed was possesses immunostimulant effects in broiler.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13304
Vicky M Patel, K. Sadariya, Darshan R Patel, Ravi D Patel, V. Sarvaiya, S. Bhavsar
The current investigation was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic bi-herbal extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) and Curcuma longa (CL) on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) using 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly allocated into six different groups, each group comprising six rats. CKD was induced in groups II to VI by administering adenine at a dose of 200 mg/kg orally once daily for 28 days. Group I served as the control. Group II was adenine control, received adenine (200 mg/kg orally) for 28 days. Groups III, IV, V and VI were therapeutic groups, received adenine @ 200 mg/kg orally once daily for 28 days to induce CKD, after that rats were given bi-herbal aqueous and alcoholic extracts of GG and CL (1.5:1) orally for another 42 days. Groups III and IV, received bi-herbal aqueous extract of GG and CL @ 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Groups V and VI, received bi-herbal alcoholic extracts of GG and CL @ 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected twice during the experiment, on day 28 and day 70. Various assessments including haematology, serum biochemistry, urine analysis, renal ultrasonography and histopathology were conducted. Adenine administration for 28 days resulted in significant decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and lymphocyte, while significant increase in TLC and granulocyte, however treatment with bi-herbal aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly ameliorated haematological alterations. Adenine induced CKD resulted in elevated serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN, ALT and Phosphorus while significantly reduced levels of serum uromodulin, albumin, total protein, and calcium. Conversely, treatment with aqueous and alcoholic bi-herbal extract significantly improved biochemical changes as compared to adenine control rats. Notably, the therapeutic efficacy was most pronounced in rats treated with bi-herbal alcoholic extracts at the dose rate of 500 mg/kg. In addition, significant increased levels of urine calcium and total protein, with decreased levels of urine creatinine, phosphorus and urine pH were observed in adenine control group as compared to normal control group. These changes were significantly reverted with treatment of aqueous and alcoholic bi-herbal extracts for 42 days. Following CKD induction, treatment with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of GG and CL attenuated ultrasonographic changes and improved histopathological damage in the kidney. Results of the present study showed that the bi-herbal alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Curcuma longa in the ratio of 1.5:1 given at the dose rate of 500 mg/kg once orally daily for 42 days after induction of CKD is more efficacious in the treatment of CKD in rats.
{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Curcuma longa on adenine induced chronic kidney disease in rats","authors":"Vicky M Patel, K. Sadariya, Darshan R Patel, Ravi D Patel, V. Sarvaiya, S. Bhavsar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13304","url":null,"abstract":"The current investigation was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic bi-herbal extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) and Curcuma longa (CL) on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) using 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly allocated into six different groups, each group comprising six rats. CKD was induced in groups II to VI by administering adenine at a dose of 200 mg/kg orally once daily for 28 days. Group I served as the control. Group II was adenine control, received adenine (200 mg/kg orally) for 28 days. Groups III, IV, V and VI were therapeutic groups, received adenine @ 200 mg/kg orally once daily for 28 days to induce CKD, after that rats were given bi-herbal aqueous and alcoholic extracts of GG and CL (1.5:1) orally for another 42 days. Groups III and IV, received bi-herbal aqueous extract of GG and CL @ 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Groups V and VI, received bi-herbal alcoholic extracts of GG and CL @ 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected twice during the experiment, on day 28 and day 70. Various assessments including haematology, serum biochemistry, urine analysis, renal ultrasonography and histopathology were conducted. Adenine administration for 28 days resulted in significant decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and lymphocyte, while significant increase in TLC and granulocyte, however treatment with bi-herbal aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly ameliorated haematological alterations. Adenine induced CKD resulted in elevated serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN, ALT and Phosphorus while significantly reduced levels of serum uromodulin, albumin, total protein, and calcium. Conversely, treatment with aqueous and alcoholic bi-herbal extract significantly improved biochemical changes as compared to adenine control rats. Notably, the therapeutic efficacy was most pronounced in rats treated with bi-herbal alcoholic extracts at the dose rate of 500 mg/kg. In addition, significant increased levels of urine calcium and total protein, with decreased levels of urine creatinine, phosphorus and urine pH were observed in adenine control group as compared to normal control group. These changes were significantly reverted with treatment of aqueous and alcoholic bi-herbal extracts for 42 days. Following CKD induction, treatment with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of GG and CL attenuated ultrasonographic changes and improved histopathological damage in the kidney. Results of the present study showed that the bi-herbal alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Curcuma longa in the ratio of 1.5:1 given at the dose rate of 500 mg/kg once orally daily for 42 days after induction of CKD is more efficacious in the treatment of CKD in rats.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2024.13306
Jeptoo N Serem, S. N. Wambugu, J. Mwonjoria, Marion B Warigia
Inflammation is a physiological process vital for pathogen elimination and tissue repair. However, left untreated, it can cause undesirable effects. There are several methods for management of the condition, including traditional remedies from plant sources that are thought to have few deleterious effects on the body, as is the case with steroids and NSAIDs. One of the plants widely used is Carissa spiranum, though little has been done to determine the effects of purified extracts on the condition and their mode of action. The present study investigated the effects of purified plant extract and its flavonoid-rich fraction on inflammation and leukocyte migration in mice. Formalin and carrageenan were used as the phlogistic substances in inflammation induction and leukocyte migration, respectively. While diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone were used as standard drugs. The diameter of the paw edema induced in the left hind paw of mice was measured and quantified as the edema developed in mice, while the number of leucocytes in peritoneal fluid lavage after pretreatment with carrageenan and determined with improved Neubauer chamber was used in the determination of the extent of leucocyte migration. The extracts exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in paw edema diameter and delayed leucocyte migration compared to the vehicle. These observations suggest that the plant extracts may contain compounds that exert their anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of leucocyte migration.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Effects of Carissa spiranum Mediated via Attenuation of Leucocyte Migration","authors":"Jeptoo N Serem, S. N. Wambugu, J. Mwonjoria, Marion B Warigia","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2024.13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13306","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation is a physiological process vital for pathogen elimination and tissue repair. However, left untreated, it can cause undesirable effects. There are several methods for management of the condition, including traditional remedies from plant sources that are thought to have few deleterious effects on the body, as is the case with steroids and NSAIDs. One of the plants widely used is Carissa spiranum, though little has been done to determine the effects of purified extracts on the condition and their mode of action. The present study investigated the effects of purified plant extract and its flavonoid-rich fraction on inflammation and leukocyte migration in mice. Formalin and carrageenan were used as the phlogistic substances in inflammation induction and leukocyte migration, respectively. While diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone were used as standard drugs. The diameter of the paw edema induced in the left hind paw of mice was measured and quantified as the edema developed in mice, while the number of leucocytes in peritoneal fluid lavage after pretreatment with carrageenan and determined with improved Neubauer chamber was used in the determination of the extent of leucocyte migration. The extracts exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in paw edema diameter and delayed leucocyte migration compared to the vehicle. These observations suggest that the plant extracts may contain compounds that exert their anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of leucocyte migration.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12504
A. Pascal, Daye Efloric Raphaël, K. Alain, Olaye Théophile
Among the most common health problems worldwide, toothache is often cited and is often treated with herbal medicines to relieve the pain and inflammation associated with it. The present work reports the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antiradical and antibacterial activities of leaves and trunk bark of Pteleopsis suberosa, a plant highly sought after in traditional medicine in Benin to treat toothache. Secondary metabolites were identified by staining and precipitation reactions specific to each metabolite family. Total phenols were determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The aluminum trichloride method was used to quantify total flavonoids, while the determination of condensed tannins was carried out by the hydrochloric vanillin method. The antiradical activity of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl and the antibacterial activity by the dilution method in microplates and Petri dishes. Leaves and bark of Pteleopsis suberosa trunk contain tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanins, a reducing compound. Ethanol extract of Pteleopsis leaves suberosa (IC 50 =0.0015 μg / μL) showed more interesting anti-radical activity than butylhydroxytoluene (IC 50 =0.012μg/ μL), butylated hydroxyanisole (IC 50 =0.016μg/ μL) and Trolox (IC 50 =0.013 μg/ μL). The ethanolic extract of the bark of the trunk of Pteleopsis suberosa showed bactericidal activity against the Staphylococcus aureus strain.
{"title":"Secondary metabolites, antiradical and antibacterial activities of Pteleopsis leaves and trunk bark suberosa, plant used in Benin to treat toothache","authors":"A. Pascal, Daye Efloric Raphaël, K. Alain, Olaye Théophile","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12504","url":null,"abstract":"Among the most common health problems worldwide, toothache is often cited and is often treated with herbal medicines to relieve the pain and inflammation associated with it. The present work reports the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antiradical and antibacterial activities of leaves and trunk bark of Pteleopsis suberosa, a plant highly sought after in traditional medicine in Benin to treat toothache. Secondary metabolites were identified by staining and precipitation reactions specific to each metabolite family. Total phenols were determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The aluminum trichloride method was used to quantify total flavonoids, while the determination of condensed tannins was carried out by the hydrochloric vanillin method. The antiradical activity of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl and the antibacterial activity by the dilution method in microplates and Petri dishes. Leaves and bark of Pteleopsis suberosa trunk contain tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanins, a reducing compound. Ethanol extract of Pteleopsis leaves suberosa (IC 50 =0.0015 μg / μL) showed more interesting anti-radical activity than butylhydroxytoluene (IC 50 =0.012μg/ μL), butylated hydroxyanisole (IC 50 =0.016μg/ μL) and Trolox (IC 50 =0.013 μg/ μL). The ethanolic extract of the bark of the trunk of Pteleopsis suberosa showed bactericidal activity against the Staphylococcus aureus strain.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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