单轴拉伸神经纤维束的力学响应预测:创伤载荷条件下的理论方法

A. Tamura, Junichi Hongu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

脊髓神经根的粘弹性可能在预测脊柱整体运动引起的神经根损伤中起重要作用。然而,只有少数研究调查了这种组织的复杂力学行为。本研究提出了一种预测软质生物材料力学响应的理论方案,并将该方法应用于从猪脊神经根分离的单轴拉伸神经纤维束在不同载荷构型下的力学响应。应力松弛试验是为了系统地确定一组指示应力衰减过程的参数,即一组松弛模量和相应的时间常数。实验和数值试验结果表明,该方法对坡道保持试验后的循环拉伸力学响应预测是有效的。此外,弹性响应,即在高速率加载下的应力-应变关系,被解析确定。结果表明:神经纤维束的瞬时力学响应在快速拉伸(>10 s-1)下可以得到加强;然而,纤维对中等加载速率(<1 s-1)相对不敏感。在结构破坏应变(15%)下,极限抗拉强度估计约为8 MPa。这些信息将使在交通事故和身体接触运动中创伤性神经根损伤的计算评估成为可能。
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Prediction of Mechanical Responses of a Uniaxially Stretched Neural Fiber Bundle: Theoretical Approach for a Traumatic Loading Condition
Viscoelasticity of the spinal nerve roots may play a significant role in predicting nerve root damage caused by overall spinal motion. However, only a few studies have investigated the complex mechanical behavior of this tissue. The current study presents a theoretical protocol for predicting mechanical responses of soft biological materials, and this method was used to a uniaxially stretched neural fiber bundle isolated from porcine spinal nerve roots with various loading configurations. Stress relaxation tests were performed to systematically determine a set of parameters dictating the stress decaying process, i.e., a set of relaxation moduli and the corresponding time constants. Based on the obtained experimental and numerical test data, it was confirmed that the proposed method is effective even for the prediction of mechanical response to a cyclic stretch immediately after the ramp-hold test. In addition, an elastic response, i.e., a stress-strain relationship under a high-rate loading regime, was determined analytically. The results demonstrated that instantaneous mechanical responses of neural fiber bundles can be stiffened against very rapid stretch (>10 s-1); however, the fibers are relatively insensitive to moderate loading rates (<1 s-1). The ultimate tensile strength was estimated to be approximately 8 MPa at the structural failure strain (15%). This information will enable the computational assessment of traumatic nerve root injuries sustained during traffic accidents and contact sports.
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