Microbiota, probiotics and common skin cancer: Association and therapeutic application

Numerous commensal microorganisms live on human skin and play an important role in human health. Any type of abnormality in the skin microbiome can result in skin damage and various diseases. Skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are common skin complications caused by an imbalance of skin microorganisms. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, can benefit human health. Using probiotics to treat various skin complications has gained popularity in recent years. Probiotics have proven to be a promising agent for improving skin health and condition, with the potential to reduce skin pathogens and boost skin immunity through antimicrobial agent production and nutrient competition. The rising incidence of skin cancer, particularly melanoma, over the last four decades emphasizes this point. The link between skin microbiota imbalance and skin cancer, particularly Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) and melanoma, is becoming clearer. As a result, based on the proven ability of probiotics to improve skin health. The use of microorganisms such as probiotics as a supplement in conjunction with immunotherapy has gained popularity. The purpose of this review is to discuss the relationship between microbiota imbalance and skin cancer, as well as the use of probiotics in cancer treatment.